COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

The degree programs in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences are designed to introduce students to both the breadth and depth of the University's curriculum. This is accomplished by combining a wide distribution of courses with the opportunity to concentrate on course work in depth in a selected field. To achieve the first goal, students are required to take a wide range of lower-division courses that deal with the diversity of human knowledge. In the upper-division curriculum, students are relatively free to concentrate in depth in their major field of interest.

MAJORS

A major is a coordinated group of upper-division courses (courses numbered 100-199) in a field of specialization. The major may be a program of upper-division courses within a single department (departmental major) or a group of related courses involving a number of departments (interdisciplinary major) or, under certain circumstances, a group of courses chosen to meet a special interest (Humanities and Social Sciences individual major).

Before enrolling in certain upper-division courses, students may be required to gain appropriate knowledge by completing specific prerequisite courses. With the assistance of a departmental advisor, students are expected to select lower-division courses which prepare them for the advanced studies they propose to follow.

CHOOSING A MAJOR, UNDECLARED MAJORS

Although freshmen may choose an academic major on entering UCR, those who are unsure about specific academic goals may request to be admitted to the college as an "undeclared major." These students often take introductory courses in the natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, and fine arts while searching for an area that most excites their interest. Each quarter, undeclared majors are required to meet with an advisor in the Student Affairs Office about their selection of courses.

Students with 90 or more units toward a degree are expected to declare a major. Those who enter UCR after two years of work elsewhere may be in undeclared major status for one quarter. To declare a major, obtain an approval from the Student Affairs Office by filing a Petition for Declaration of Major. Students are expected to select a major by the beginning of their junior year (completion of 90 units).

If undeclared majors feel that their interests lie primarily in the areas of the natural sciences, mathematics, and statistics, or the agricultural sciences, advising can be obtained in the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, (909) 787-7294. Those interested in engineering or computer science can be advised in the College of Engineering (909) 787-5651.

DOUBLE MAJORS

Students can declare a second major within the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences or a second major in a department or program of another college. Changes are not permitted while on academic probation, or during the final senior year (135 units or more). Both majors must be completed within the maximum limit of 216 units and approval must be obtained from advisors in both departments or programs. In such cases, all course requirements must be completed for each of the two majors chosen. If the majors are not in the same college, one of the two majors must be designated as the principal major for the purpose of satisfying breadth or general education requirements. No more than 8 upper-division units may count for both majors simultaneously.

A declaration of two majors in different colleges must be signed by the deans of the colleges concerned and filed by the student with the college of the principal major.

Students wishing to declare a second major must present an outline to the Student Affairs Office, indicating which courses are to be counted toward the requirements for each major before a petition is accepted for the addition of a major.

INTERDISCIPLINARY, INDIVIDUAL MAJORS

Through the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Program, courses of broad interest are offered, and students with interests not readily satisfied through existing departments and programs may develop individual majors under the direction of special faculty sponsors. Students interested in a program combining two concentrations into a single major may also wish to consider the Liberal Studies Program. There is also an interdisciplinary emphasis in several of the College's regular major programs that allows examination of a particular problem, theme, or area from a variety of perspectives.

Students with unusual but definite academic interest for which no suitable major is offered at the University can plan an individual major under the direction of a faculty advisor. The consent of the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Program Committee and the Associate Dean are required.

The title of the major will be entered on the official degree list and on the official transcript. Diplomas will read "Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary" with the individual field of concentration specified.

INTERNSHIPS, INDEPENDENT PROJECTS AND STUDENT RESEARCH

The Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences student can often do the subject, as well as read about it. Many undergraduates have the opportunity to work along with a faculty member on a research project, and many departments offer field work and internship courses. In these courses, students combine several hours per week of experience in an agency or firm with study of related academic materials and participation in a seminar, where formal knowledge and practical experience are related to one another. Internship experiences are regularly available in settings such as public and business administration, politics, environmental protection, social welfare, criminal justice, clinical and other psychology programs, museums and archival installations, newspapers, and art galleries.

Normally, each local internship will not count for more than 4 or 5 units in a single term, larger numbers of units being reserved for quarter-away internships. Petitions for credit beyond 5 units in a single quarter for a local internship must have the sponsoring agency's approval and a written justification by the student's faculty sponsor. All such requests require the Associate Dean's approval.

A maximum of 16 units of credit toward the bachelor's degree may be obtained through internship courses, with a maximum of 12 units of internship scheduled in a single quarter for quarter-away situations. Students who are on academic probation may not enroll in internship courses.

TRANSFER OF MAJORS, CHANGING MAJORS

Students in good academic standing can petition to transfer from another college to the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences or from one major to another within the College, provided they complete the new major within the 216 unit limit. The petition must be approved by the Student Affairs Office before the change can be processed by the Office of the Registrar. Changes are not permitted while on probation or during the final senior year (135 units or more).

Students who fail to attain a grade point average of 2.00 ("C") in preparation for the major or courses required for the major may be denied the privilege of entering or continuing in that major.

MINORS

The College offers minor programs; however, no student is required to take a minor. Minors are not degree-granting majors; they are sequences of supplemental courses designed to enhance work in certain areas. Any minor may be taken jointly with any departmental or interdepartmental major.

UNIVERSITY HONORS PROGRAM

For a description of the University Honors Program, see the Special Study Resources and Facilities section in the front of this catalog. For a listing of requirements and courses, refer to University Honors Program in the Curricula and Courses section.

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

The A. Gary Anderson Graduate School of Management (AGSM) and the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences jointly offer an upper-division major in Business Administration intended for students who seek a professional education in the functional fields of private sector management. Students who elect the pre-major are advised in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences during their freshman and sophomore years and after admission to the major, are advised by the AGSM. In addition to administering the program, the AGSM also teaches courses in the functional areas of management such as finance, accounting, marketing, and management information systems. The B.S. degree in Business Administration is awarded by the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

Students must meet three levels of requirements for the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree: General University requirements, College requirements, and major requirements.

GENERAL UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS

General University requirements are listed at the beginning of the Undergraduate Studies section. In addition, the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences has the following requirements and limitations.

Unit Requirements. Students must satisfactorily complete for credit a minimum of 180 units for the bachelor's degree. A maximum of 216 units is allowed. After having credit for 216 units, students are not permitted to continue except in cases approved by the Associate Dean in which specific academic or professional reasons are involved.

Credit Limitations. Transfer students with credit from other institutions (advanced standing credit), receive a Transfer Profile from the Office of Undergraduate Admissions. The Student Affairs Office receives a copy and evaluates the coursework, indicating how the transferable credits are applied toward the degree. However, the following credit limitations may reduce the total number of units which apply toward the degree in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. For questions regarding evaluations, consult with an evaluator in the Student Affairs Office.

The following credit limitations apply for all students enrolled in the College:

1. After completing 105 quarter units at a community college, students are not allowed further units for courses completed at a community college.
2. No more than 6 units in physical education activity courses (Physical Education 1) may be applied toward the 180 unit requirement for the bachelor's degree.
3. No 400 series courses and not more than three courses in the 300 series of courses may be counted toward the 180 unit requirement for the bachelor's degree.
4. No more than 5 units of credit may be taken per quarter in special studies courses. See specific restrictions under each departmental listing regarding credit toward the major in special studies courses.

COLLEGE BREADTH REQUIREMENTS

The Student Affairs Office, in consultation with the Executive Committee of the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, determines which courses apply to the following requirements. It is the student's responsibility to verify those courses which fulfill these subject requirements.

Courses taken in the department or program of a student's major (including courses cross listed with the major) may not be applied toward the breadth requirements except for History majors in connection with the World History Requirement, English majors in connection with the English Composition requirement, Ethnic Studies majors in connection with the Ethnicity requirement, and foreign language majors in connection with the Foreign Language requirement. However, courses outside the major discipline, but required for the major, may be applied toward satisfaction of these requirements.

Students who elect a double or interdisciplinary major may apply courses in one of the majors or departments toward satisfaction of the breadth requirements.

For the following requirements, a course is defined as a block of instruction which carries credit of 4 or more units.

No course may be applied to more than one breadth requirement, with the exception of the course taken to meet the Ethnicity requirement.

English Composition

Students must demonstrate adequate proficiency in English Composition by completing a one-year sequence of college level instruction in English Composition with an average grade of "C" or better and no grade lower than "C-."

Students with an overall grade point average under "C" in the English 1A, 1B, 1C sequence will be required to repeat composition courses as necessary in order to meet the required "C" average minimum. It may be necessary to repeat one or more of English 1A, 1B, 1C courses in which a grade of "C-" was earned in order to fulfill the three-quarter English composition average of "C" or better. However, courses with a grade of "C-" cannot be repeated for credit to alter the transcript grade point average.

Students should enroll in an English composition course each quarter they are registered at UCR until the sequence of Basic Writing/English 1A, 1B, 1C is completed with satisfactory grade point average. A student may not receive baccalaureate credit for any work in English composition taken prior to completing the Subject A requirement.

Transfer students who have credit for one semester of English Composition from another institution are required to take two additional quarters, i.e., English 1B and 1C.

Students have the option of using a score of 3 on the College Board Advanced Placement Test in English to satisfy English 1A; they must complete English 1B and 1C.

Students with a score of 4 or 5 on the College Board Advanced Placement Test in English have satisfied English 1A, 1B; they must complete English 1C.

Students who have achieved a passing score on both parts of the California State University and College English Equivalency Examination taken prior to July 1, 1993 have satisfied English 1A, 1B; they must complete English 1C.

Humanities: 20 units

For the B.A. degree:

1. One course in World History (At UCR, courses that satisfy this requirement are History 10 or History 15 or History 20.)

2. One course in the Fine Arts (Art, Art History, Dance, Film and Visual Culture, Music, Theatre, or Creative Writing courses in poetry, fiction, or playwriting)

3. Two courses from among

• a) Literature (offered by the Departments of English, Comparative Literature and Foreign Languages, Spanish and Portuguese)
• b) Philosophy
• c) Religious Studies

4. One additional course from

• a) History, the Fine Arts, Literature, Philosophy, Religious Studies
• b) A foreign language at level 3 or higher (Courses used in fulfillment of the foreign language requirement may not be used to meet this requirement.)
• c) A humanities course offered by the following departments or programs
  • Ethnic Studies
  • Creative Writing (courses in journalism)
  • Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
  • Latin American Studies
  • Linguistics
  • Women's Studies

For the B.S. degree

1. One course in World History (At UCR, courses that satisfy this requirement are History 10, History 15, or History 20.)

2. One course from

• a) Fine Arts (Art, Art History, Dance, Film and Visual Culture, Music, Theatre, Creative Writing courses in poetry, fiction, or playwriting)
• b) Literature (taken in the departments of English, Literatures and Languages, or Spanish and Portuguese)
• c) Philosophy
• d) Religious Studies

3. Three additional courses from

• a) History, the Fine Arts, Literature, Philosophy, Religious Studies
• b) A foreign language at level 3 or above
• c) Humanities courses offered by Ethnic Studies, Creative Writing (courses in journalism), Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, Latin American Studies, Linguistics, or Women's Studies

Internships and independent study courses may not be used to fulfill the Humanities requirement.

Social Sciences: 16 units

1. One course in Economics or Political Science

2. One course in Anthropology, Psychology, or Sociology

3. Two additional courses from Ethnic Studies, Environmental Sciences, Geography (cultural geography courses), Human Development, Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, Women's Studies, or one of the disciplines in (1) or (2) above

Internships and independent study courses may not be used to fulfill the Social Sciences requirement.

Ethnicity: 4 units

One course focusing on the general concepts and issues in the study of race and ethnicity in California and the United States. Courses that satisfy this requirement must concentrate on one or more of four principal minority groups (African American, Asian American, Chicano/Latino, and Native American). These courses must be comparative in nature, analyzing the minority group experience within the present and historical context of other racial and ethnic groups, such as European-American minorities. The courses are to be offered by or cross listed with the Department of Ethnic Studies.

Regardless of the student's college and major, the course may be counted toward the Humanities or the Social Sciences graduation requirements, depending upon the course's content as evaluated by the Committee on Educational Policy. Refer to the Courses and Curricula section for the courses that fulfill the Ethnicity requirement.

Foreign Language

For the B.A. degree: course level 4 or equivalent

This requirement may be satisfied by students (except for foreign language majors who satisfy the spirit of the language requirement by majoring in one or more languages) by completing the fourth-quarter level or its equivalent in one language at UCR (or at another college or university) with a minimum grade of "C" or by demonstrating proficiency at the fourth-quarter level on a foreign language placement exam offered by one of the foreign language departments at UCR. This test does not yield unit credit; it only determines whether the Foreign Language requirement has been met, or in which course of the language sequence a student should enroll.

Courses in American Sign Language may be used to meet this requirement.

For the B.S. degree: course level 3 or equivalent

This requirement may be satisfied by students (except for foreign language majors who satisfy the spirit of the language requirement by majoring in one or more languages) by completing the third-quarter level or its equivalent in one language at UCR (or at another college or university) with a minimum grade of "C" or by demonstrating proficiency at the third-quarter level on a foreign language placement exam offered by one of the foreign language departments at UCR. This test does not yield unit credit; it only determines whether the Foreign Language requirement has been met, or in which course of the language sequence a student should enroll.

Courses in American Sign Language may be used to meet this requirement.

Natural Sciences and Mathematics: 20 units

1. One course in Mathematics, Statistics, or Computer Science.
2. One course in Biological Sciences (Biochemistry, Biology, Botany and Plant Sciences, Entomology, Nematology, or Plant Pathology).
3. One course in Physical Sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Earth Sciences--excluding cultural Geography courses).
4. Two additional courses from the areas listed above or in physical and/or biological science courses offered in the Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences.

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS

Detailed requirements for each major can be found under the department or program listing in the Curricula and Courses section of this catalog.

A major in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences never consists of fewer than 36 upper-division units. All courses applied toward the major and preparation for the major must be taken for a letter grade unless otherwise approved by the department chair. A 2.00 grade point average in upper-division courses in the major is required for graduation. Once enrolled on this campus, all courses designated for a major must be completed in regular or summer session at UCR; exceptions to this policy must be approved by the department chair and by the Associate Dean.

Candidates for the B.A. degree may not receive more than 80 units of credit toward the degree for work taken in the major discipline (i.e., students must take at least 100 units outside the major discipline). Music majors may count a maximum of 102 units of music course work toward the B.A. degree (i.e., students must take at least 78 units outside the Music major).

Candidates for the B.S. degree may not receive more than 108 units of credit toward the degree for work taken in the major discipline (i.e., students must take at least 72 units outside the major discipline).

To receive the bachelor's degree, transfer students must complete a minimum of 16 upper-division units in the major on the Riverside campus.

Students who have been away from the University for several terms should consult with their major departmental advisor about the requirements under which they may graduate. See the Catalog Rights Policy for Undergraduate Degrees in the Academic Regulations section of this
catalog.

COLLEGE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

For detailed information on UCR policies and regulations see the Academic Regulations section of this catalog.

COLLEGE REGULATIONS

General information regarding College policies and procedures is given in the Student's Guide to the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. For further information and more specific details, students should obtain a copy of the Guide, available in the Student Affairs Office.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY

Students are responsible for meeting deadline dates regarding enrollment, add/drop, change of grading basis, credit by examination, withdrawal, declaration of candidacy, and so forth. The dates are in the Schedule of Classes and must be observed. Counseling can be obtained in the student's major department or in the College's Student Affairs Office, located in the Humanities and Social Sciences Building.

ACADEMIC COUNSELING

It is the student's responsibility to meet all graduation requirements: general university, college, and major.

Major advisors are available within each department or program. All departments assign an academic counselor to each major and require an advisor's approval before enrolling, submitting an academic petition, or making a change in the class schedule. Entering students who have not yet selected a major field of study should contact the Student Affairs Office.

College counseling services are located in the Student Affairs Office. A staff of academic counselors is readily available to assist with questions pertaining to academic regulations and procedures, selection of courses which satisfy breadth requirements, major options, and alternatives.

Many questions may be answered at the receptionist's desk or by phoning the Student Affairs Office at (909) 787-3683. Students who need to confer with a counselor about overall degree requirements, academic difficulty, program planning, or assistance in selecting a major may come in and make an appointment with a counselor.

COURSE ENROLLMENT

Students are required to register and enroll by the date set by the campus (see the Schedule of Classes for details).

The recommended study load for undergraduate students is 12 to 16 units (three to four courses) per quarter. A three-course load is recommended for students in the first quarter of the freshman year. The minimal program for an undergraduate student to be considered full time is three courses (12 units) per quarter. The normal progress for an undergraduate student is four courses (16 units) per quarter.

A class schedule of fewer than 12 units must be approved by the Associate Dean. (See the Schedule of Classes for details regarding fee reductions.) Students on academic probation may not enroll for more than 14 units or fewer than 12 units without approval of the Associate Dean. Students on probation may not take courses on the "S/NC" basis, regardless of the grading basis of the course, without approval of the Associate Dean.

After a class schedule is selected, students may request changes by petition during a specified period. Such petitions must be approved by the faculty advisor and also, in the case of adds or drops, by the instructor concerned. Withdrawal from any course or a change in the class schedule outside the regular period requires the approval of the Associate Dean.

Courses (including Special Studies courses) cannot be added after the third week of instruction; courses cannot be dropped after the fifth week of instruction. The grading basis for a course cannot be changed after the eighth week of instruction. Courses dropped after the third week of instruction will appear on the record with a "W" notation. After the third week of instruction, a fee is required to file the petition to change the class schedule.

Enrollment on Satisfactory/No Credit Basis

Undergraduate students in good standing may receive credit for courses undertaken and graded "S" up to a limit of one-third of the total units undertaken and passed on the Riverside campus at the time the degree is awarded. Normally, this means no more than 4 units of "S/NC" per quarter. The total also includes courses that are only graded "S/NC." Courses which are required in, or prerequisite to, a major may not be taken on an "S/NC" basis unless approved by the chair of the major department. Students on special status or limited status may take courses on an "S/NC" basis only with the approval of the Associate Dean.

A student may elect Satisfactory/No Credit or delete Satisfactory/No Credit from a course by filing a petition (Add/Drop form) with the Registrar. The deadline is the end of the eighth week of instruction and is listed each quarter in the Schedule of Classes.

Regulations governing the Satisfactory/No Credit option are described under Credit and Grades in the Academic Regulations section of this catalog.

PART-TIME STUDY

For details, see Part-Time Study under the Financial Support and Registration section of this catalog.

PETITIONS

A petition is a form representing a student's need or desire to be excepted from any standard rule or regulation in the University. It is the only way to obtain formal approval from the department, the college or school, the Registrar, or whomever has authority over a particular request. Some petitions carry a small fee; others are free.

An approved petition for a waiver or substitution in degree requirements represents an agreement between the student, the college or school, and in some cases, the department chair, granting the student an exception from the existing regulations.

Petitions are also used at UCR to change college or major, enroll in fewer units than regulations permit, make late changes to a class schedule, obtain credit by examination, concurrent enrollment, or withdraw from the University. Petitions for most of these exceptions are available in the Student Affairs Office.

CREDIT BY EXAMINATION

To earn credit for a course by examination without formal enrollment in that course, students must be in residence and in good academic standing.

Before the examination may be given, arrangements and approval for examination for degree credit must be made with the instructor appointed to give the examination, a faculty advisor (if the major department requires it), and the Associate Dean. Petitions must be filed with the Office of the Registrar no later than the third week of instruction. Credit by examination is not allowed for English Composition courses.

The results of all examinations for degree credit are entered on students' records as though they had actually taken the courses of instruction. There is a ^$5 service charge for each petition. The credit by examination procedure may not be used as a means of improving a previous grade.

UNDERGRADUATE CREDIT FOR GRADUATE COURSES

Students who have a grade point average of at least 3.00 in all courses taken in the University or have shown exceptional ability in a special field may take a graduate course for undergraduate credit with the permission of the instructor concerned. Students must have completed at least 18 upper-division quarter units basic to the subject matter of the course.

PROGRESS TOWARD THE DEGREE

At the close of each quarter, the courses, units, grades, and grade points earned are added to the student's cumulative University record. This record summarizes progress toward a degree. Lack of adequate progress may jeopardize continued registration.

DECLARATION OF CANDIDACY

A degree audit of remaining requirements for the bachelor's degree should be requested from the major department or program office three quarters before the expected date of graduation. The student's name will then be entered on the appropriate degree list. Students who find it necessary to amend the prospective date of graduation during the quarter in which they intend to graduate need to notify the Student Affairs Office, in writing, as soon as possible.

Applications for graduation are available in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Science's Student Affairs Office and the major department or program office and must be filed with the Student Affairs Office by the deadline established for the quarter in which graduation is intended. The deadline for filing applications for graduation is printed in the Schedule of Classes each quarter.

Applications are not accepted after the deadline established for the quarter. If for any reason a student does not meet the requirements for graduation after announcing candidacy, or if a student fails to meet the deadline for filing, an application must be filed for a subsequent quarter.

Students graduating in absentia after an absence of one or more quarters must apply for readmission to the University and file an Application for Graduation with the Office of the Registrar.

WITHDRAWALS

Students may withdraw from the University prior to the end of instruction, for serious personal reasons, with the approval of the Associate Dean. Forms are available in the Student Affairs Office and require certain clearances from other offices after the Dean considers the withdrawal.

PREPARING FOR THE PROFESSIONS

A wide variety of majors and programs available in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences provide an excellent background and preparation for immediate entry into the job market or for graduate and professional schools. Some of these are listed below; however, students are urged to see their faculty advisor or a counselor in the Career Planning and Placement Center for further information.

THE ARTS

Undergraduate majors in the arts at UCR are designed to provide a solid liberal arts education at the same time as they provide essential training in the practical techniques of the specific art field involved. This means that arts majors provide a broad educational background, on a par with the other majors in the college, which prepares each student for effective participation in any job market where educational breadth is important.

Through the thorough practical training in each art field, an increasing number of UCR students are finding attractive career opportunities in the visual arts, writing, dance, music, and theater arts. Not that it has become any easier to practice as an artist or performer; these remain options best followed by the most talented and determined. However, the opportunities in many arts-related fields are increasing as the role of the arts continues to expand. Such opportunities include positions in teaching, music and dance therapy, graphics, theater management, costume design, performing arts management, fine arts publication, the recording industry, the arts, and criticism. Moreover, new professions, which will open yet wider vistas in coming years, are evolving for those trained in the arts.

In any case, UCR students who graduate with a major in one of the arts have consistently gained admission to graduate schools at outstanding universities, conservatories, and professional schools throughout the country.

At UCR, students may major in Art, Art History, Creative Writing, Dance, Music, or Theatre. At the graduate level, the M.A. degree is offered in Art History, and Music. A Ph.D. is offered in Dance History and Theory.

The Chancellor has provided performance awards for excellence in the practice of the arts for students who have already achieved high proficiency in their art form upon entry into the University and who will continue to practice their art forms while students at UCR. For further information, contact the departments of Art, Dance, Music, Theatre, and Creative Writing.

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

While no specific major is required for admission to most graduate schools of administration or management, the undergraduate programs in Business Administration, Business Economics, and the various cooperative majors with Administrative Studies provide excellent preparation. At UCR, the curriculum in these majors stresses the principles of managerial decision making and methods of gathering and analyzing the diverse data on which decisions must be based.

It is also important to note that other majors in the liberal arts can serve as effective preparation for entry into the worlds of management and business. Any major curriculum that includes substantial emphasis on oral and written expression and analytic and critical thinking can serve this purpose, particularly if accompanied by a suitable cluster of courses in business and management topics. Internships, which are available in business and industry settings, can assist in clarifying educational and personal goals, allowing exploration of alternative career options, and providing the opportunity to apply academic background to a practical, real world experience.

Students who wish to pursue a graduate degree in Business Administra-tion may wish to consider UCR's A. Gary Anderson Graduate School of Management.

LAW

Most law schools require a baccalaureate degree. Law schools do not require a uniform prelaw course of study or a specific college major; backgrounds in the physical sciences are as acceptable as those in the social sciences and humanities. However, law schools in general do recommend that the prelaw student attempt to reach several goals during the undergraduate years: an understanding of the development of social, political, and economic institutions; an ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing; the capacity to think clearly, carefully, and independently; and a habit of disciplined study. Therefore, there is no specific, formal prelaw curriculum that a student must take.

Most law schools require applicants to take the Law School Admission Test, administered regionally by the Educational Testing Service. The test is administered at UCR on three occasions during the year. Applications for and information about this test may be secured in the office of the Department of Political Science or by writing to the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

Students who are considering applying to law schools are strongly urged to consult with the prelaw advisor in the Department of Political Science, 2206 Watkins Hall.

LIBRARIANSHIPS

All library schools accredited by the American Library Association require a baccalaureate degree for admission and usually a reading knowledge of one or two languages other than English. A broad general background, supported by the ability to read rapidly and intelligently, is helpful. The knowledge, in depth, of the literature of some subject area is especially advantageous. All subject fields, including the biological and natural sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences may prepare a student for graduate study in librarianship.

In addition to career opportunities in public, school, and academic libraries, special librarians may work in government agencies, and in commercial and industrial firms, such as pharmaceutical companies, banks, and advertising agencies.

MUSEUMS, ARCHIVES, AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

The American Association of Museums and The Society of American Archivists have designated the master's degree as the professional degree level for careers in museums and archives. The Program in Historic Resources Management for the M.A. (Department of History) provides professional education and training for these careers, as well as for careers in general historic preservation and public history.

The UCR/California Museum of Photography is of significant value to those interested in photographic history and museum practices, as well as to those with creative interests in photography.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

In government agencies there are many administrative career options including personnel, budget administration, labor relations, program analysis and public information. These types of positions may require a bachelor's or a master's degree or a combination of degrees plus experience. Students interested in a career in public information are encouraged to acquire a broad liberal arts education at the undergraduate level. An undergraduate major in any of the social sciences provides appropriate preparation for graduate work in public administration. Special attention is called to the major in Public Service-Political Science and the cooperative major in Political Science-Administrative Studies. At UCR, students may gain valuable experience in government agencies through the Academic Internship Program. In addition to numerous local internship settings, there are quarter-away internships available in several Sacramento and Washington, D.C. offices.

SOCIAL WELFARE

Full professional training usually consists of two years of graduate training leading to the degree of Master of Social Welfare.

Students planning to seek employment in social welfare after completing the baccalaureate degree should prepare in the fields of psychology (particularly child and adolescent psychology and the study of personality), sociology (with emphasis on society and personality, social thought and social organization), economics, political science, anthropology, and statistical and research methods in the social sciences. The B.A. or B.S. degree in Social Relations is an excellent preparation both for direct entry into social welfare positions and for graduate professional training. Students who plan to enter a professional school of social work following undergraduate training should consult with an advisor at UCR for the best selection of classes.

Career opportunities for students with the B.A. or B.S. degree include positions as deputy probation officer, social worker, group counselor, corrections officer, substance abuse counselor, and community relations worker. Internships are very appropriate aspects of the undergraduate program in preparation for such careers.

TEACHING CREDENTIAL PROGRAMS

Students planning a career as a teacher may wish to consider one of the majors that are approved by the State of California as waiver programs under the Ryan Act. Having completed such a program, a student may apply to a teaching credential program without being required to pass a subject matter examination. Currently, multiple subject waiver programs are available in the departments of Earth Sciences (Geography), English, History, Sociology and in the programs in Human Development, Latin American Studies, Liberal Studies, and Linguistics. Single subject waiver programs are available in most majors in the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences.

Students who are considering working toward any teaching credential should attend one of the credential information seminars offered by the Teacher Education Services Office (1215 Sproul) for advice in the planning of an academic program.