ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Subject abbreviation: ENSC

Lanny J. Lund, Ph.D., Chair  

Walter J. Farmer, Ph.D., Vice Chair Teaching Program

Program Office, 2207 Geology

Professors:

Janet T. Arey, Ph.D.
Atmospheric Chemistry

Roger Atkinson, Ph.D.
Atmospheric Chemistry

Andrew C.-S. Chang, Ph.D.
Agricultural Engineering

Walter J. Farmer, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

William T. Frankenberger, Jr., Ph.D.
Soil Microbiology

Robert C. Graham, Ph.D.
Soil Mineralogy

William A. Jury, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Keith C. Knapp, Ph.D.
Natural Resource Economics

John Letey, Jr., Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Lanny J. Lund, Ph.D.
Soil Morphology, Genesis, and Classification

Henry J. Vaux, Jr., Ph.D.
Natural Resource Economics

Marylynn V. Yates, Ph.D.
Environmental Microbiology

Professors Emeriti:

Glen H. Cannell, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Homer D. Chapman, Ph.D., LL.D.
Soils and Plant Nutrition

Kenneth W. Gardiner, Ph.D.

(Environmental Sciences and Management)

Albert L. Page, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Parker F. Pratt, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Lewis H. Stolzy, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Associate Professors:

Christopher Amrhein, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Michael A. Anderson, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

David E. Crowley, Ph.D.
Soil Plant Relations

David R. Parker, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Assistant Professors:

David M. Crohn, Ph.D.
Biosystems Engineering

Laosheng Wu, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Q. Joan Wu, Ph.D.
Soil Physics/Hydrology

Paul Ziemann, Ph.D.
Atmospheric Scientist

**

Adjunct Professors:

James D. Oster, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

James D. Rhoades, Ph.D.
Soil Science

William F. Spencer, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Donald L. Suarez, Ph.D.
Geochemistry

Martinus T. van Genuchten, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Scott R. Yates, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Adjunct Associate Professors:

Francis N. Dalton, Ph.D.
Soil Physics

Sabine Goldberg, Ph.D.
Soil Chemistry

Lecturer:

Peter H. Diage, M.A.
Environmental Sciences

Cooperating faculty:

Mark R. Matsumoto, Ph.D.

Harry W.K. Tom, Ph.D.

MAJOR  

The Department of Environmental Sciences offers a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Sciences. Students can choose to concentrate their studies in one of four options: the Natural Science option, the Social Science option, the Soil Science option, or the Environmental Toxicology option.

The necessity of maintaining an acceptable level of environmental quality is placing increasing demands upon governments, businesses, and industries locally, nationally, and worldwide. In order to help meet those demands, the Environmental Sciences Program is designed to provide training for students intending to engage in environmental professions or for students preparing for graduate study in law, research, or teaching in a capacity that utilizes a background in the science of the human environment.

The structure of the Environmental Sciences curriculum provides a broad scope of instruction which enables students to explore the various disciplines and professions involved with solving environmental problems as well as opportunities for students to focus their training in accord with their own educational and career objectives. All students majoring in Environmental Sciences must complete a set of "core requirements" consisting of courses which provide a basic understanding of the physical, biological, and social sciences and their application to the analysis of environmental processes and issues. In addition to the core requirements, students must complete the required courses and an appropriate number of elective courses as designated in the options which they select. Students are not expected to select an option during the freshman year so that they can be introduced to dimensions of the environmental sciences about which they may have no previous knowledge. Those wishing to change their selection of an option may do so at any time as long as they are able to complete the requirements for the Bachelor's degree within the 216-unit limit specified by the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

The Environmental Internship Program offers students opportunities to work with government agencies, private firms, and nonprofit organizations involved in environmental affairs. As excursions into professional life, internships provide "hands-on" experience in applying the principles presented in courses. Beyond the highly specialized training associated with on-the-job activities, students participating in the Environmental Internship Program can gain insights into their aptitudes, aspirations and work habits which enable them to clarify their academic and career objectives. Professional acquaintances established during internships can continue to serve as important contacts for students after the internship is completed.

Although most internships are part-time (12-15 hours per week) positions in the Riverside area, organizations which host student interns are located throughout the United States and in Washington, D.C. Students working as interns may receive stipends, hourly wages, or serve as volunteers, depending upon the specific appointment. Up to 16 units of credit toward the bachelor's degree may be earned by developing an academic component of the internship in consultation with a faculty supervisor and enrolling in ENSC 198-I.

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH

Students interested in enhancing the status of knowledge about environmental processes or seeking new solutions to environmental problems may gain training and experience as part-time employees in the Department's research laboratories and other research facilities, such as the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil and Water Research Service, located on campus. Those wishing to conduct their own research under faculty supervision may earn academic credit by enrolling in ENSC 197. Expenses for both laboratory and field experiments are eligible for funding by the campus mini-grant program which supports undergraduate research and creative activity.

NATURAL SCIENCE OPTION

As a general curriculum emphasizing the natural sciences, this option is suitable for students wishing to maintain a broad range of choices in technically oriented environmental professions such as air and water pollution control, hazardous materials management, public health, natural resource management, and environmental impact analysis. The Natural Science option is also appropriate as background for graduate study in such disciplines as ecology, forestry, air and water science, and environmental engineering. Students may earn either the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree by completing the requirements specified by the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

SOCIAL SCIENCE OPTION

Developed for students whose interests are oriented toward the social context of the environmental sciences, this option is appropriate preparation for careers dealing with environmental regulation, land use planning, environmental impact analysis and administration of environmental protection programs. The Social Science option is also suitable for those intending to continue their education in such areas as natural resource economics, urban planning, and environmental law. Both the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Science degrees are available to students in the Social Science option.

SOIL SCIENCE OPTION

The Bachelor of Science in the Soil Science option provides specialized training needed by students whose professional interests require a detailed understanding of the soil environment in such areas as agriculture, hazardous waste site cleanup, groundwater quality control, eco-system restoration, and forest and range management. Qualified students completing this option are able to enter UCR's graduate program in Soil Science without significant deficiencies in their undergraduate curriculum.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OPTION

As a curriculum which emphasizes the chemistry and biochemistry of toxic substances in the environment, this option prepares students for careers dealing with the control of toxics in the environmental media of air, water, soil, and ecosystems and in such related fields as public health and industrial hygiene. Qualified students completing the Bachelor of Science degree in the Environmental Toxicology option may enter UCR's graduate program in Environmental Toxicology without significant deficiencies in their undergraduate curriculum.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS  

UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS

General University requirements are Universitywide requirements which all undergraduates must satisfy. See the Undergraduate Studies section for a complete listing.

COLLEGE REQUIREMENTS

Students must fulfill all breadth requirements of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. See Degree Requirements under College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog.

Some of the following requirements for the major may also fulfill some of the College's breadth requirements. Consult with a department advisor for course planning.

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS

The major requirements for both the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Sciences degrees are as follows. Students must fulfill the courses listed under the lower-division and upper-division requirements and choose one of the options.

Note: With proper justification and the approval of the advisor, for any of the four options, students may substitute ENSC 197 or ENSC 198-I for one of the upper-division elective courses listed.

1. Lower-division requirements (29 units)

• a) ENSC 001, ENSC 002
• b) CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C
• c) MATH 005
• d) POSC 010

2. Upper-division requirements (15 units)

• a) ENSC 100, ENSC 101, ENSC 102, ENSC 191
• b) ENSC 100L or SLSC 100L

Natural Science Option (78-89 units)

1. BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B

2. PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

3. PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

4. MATH 009A-MATH 009B

5. CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B

6. GEO 001 or GEO 002

7. ENSC 006 or ENSC 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite), ENSC 172

8. STAT 100A-STAT 100B or STAT 120A-STAT 120B

9. Elective Courses:

• a) At least one course from the following group:
  • (1) BIOL 005C
  • (2) CHEM 005, CHEM 112C
  • (3) MATH 009C

• b) A total of at least five courses from the following group (at least three must be Environmental Sciences or Soil Science)
  • (1) ENSC 127, ENSC 131, ENSC 135, ENSC 136, ENSC 140, ENSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 170, ENSC 174, ENSC 176
  • (2) BIOL 117, BIOL 121A, BIOL 121B, BIOL 160, BIOL 163
  • (3) BPSC 130
  • (4) CHEM 109
  • (5) ENTX 101
  • (6) GEO 156, GEO 157, GEO 158, GEO 160, GEO 162A-GEO 162B, GEO 167, GEO 168A, GEO 168B
  • (7) SLSC 102, SLSC 104, SLSC 107, SLSC 111, SLSC 118, SLSC 124

Social Science Option (85-92 units)

1. BIOL 002, BIOL 003

2. MATH 022

3. GEO 001 or GEO 002

4. ECON 003

5. ENSC 020 or ENSC 174, ENSC 143A, ENSC 143B, ENSC 143C, ENSC 170, ENSC 172

6. SOC 110A (SOC 001 prerequisite) or ECON 111

7. STAT 100A-STAT 100B or STAT 120A-STAT 120B or SOC 110B-SOC 110C (SOC 110A prerequisite for SOC 110B)

8. Elective Courses:

• a) At least one course from the following group:
  • (1) ENSC 140, ENSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176
  • (2) SLSC 102, SLSC 104, SLSC 107, SLSC 111, SLSC 118, SLSC 124

• b) A total of at least six courses from the following group:
  • (1) Economics: ECON 102A, ECON 102B, ECON 148, ECON 156, ECON 160
  • (2) Society and culture: ANTH 132, ANTH 134, ANTH 135, ANTH 186, PHIL 117, SOC 137, SOC 143, SOC 182, SOC 184
  • (3) Regulation and law: BSAD 182, POSC 101, POSC 166, POSC 181, POSC 183
  • (4) Management: BSAD 121, BSAD 122, GEO 156, GEO 158, GEO 167, GEO 179, MATH 120

Soil Science Option (89-90 units)

1. BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B

2. CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B

3. MATH 009A-MATH 009B

4. PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

5. PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

6. GEO 001 or GEO 002

7. ENSC 006 or ENSC 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite)

8. STAT 100A-STAT 100B or STAT 120A-STAT 120B

9. Elective Courses:

• a) A total of at least four courses from the following group:
  • (1) ENSC 127, ENSC 131
  • (2) SLSC 102, SLSC 104, SLSC 107, SLSC 111, SLSC 118, SLSC 124

• b) At least one course from the following group:
  • (1) CHEM 005, CHEM 112C
  • (2) MATH 009C

• c) A total of at least two courses from the following group:
  • (1) ENSC 136, ENSC 140, ENSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176
  • (2) BPSC 103, BPSC 130, BPSC 143, BPSC 146
  • (3) GEO 030, GEO 156, GEO 157, GEO 160, GEO 162A-GEO 162B

Environmental Toxicology Option (80-92 units)

1. BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B

2. CHEM 005 or BIOL 005C; CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B-CHEM 112C

3. ENTX 101, ENTX 154

4. MATH 009A-MATH 009B

5. PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

6. PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

7. ENSC 006 or ENSC 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite)

8. BCH 100 or BCH 110A-BCH 110B; BIOL 102 or BIOL 121A; BCH 110C or BIOL 107

9. STAT 100A-STAT 100B or STAT 120A-STAT 120B

10. Elective Courses:

• a) At least one course from the following group:
  • (1) ENSC 127, ENSC 131, ENSC 135, ENSC 136, ENSC 140, ENSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176
  • (2) SLSC 102, SLSC 104, SLSC 107, SLSC 111, SLSC 118
  • (3) ENTX 150

MINOR

The Minor in Environmental Sciences consists of:

1. Lower-division requirements (20 units)

• a) ENSC 002 or ENSC 017; ENSC 006
• b) CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C

2. Upper-division requirements (21 units)

• a) ENSC 100, ENSC 100L, ENSC 101, ENSC 102
• b) Eight (8) units of additional upper-division courses in Environmental Sciences, no more than 4 units of which are in courses numbered 190-198

No more than 8 of the 21 upper-division units may be in courses required by the student's major.

See Minors under the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog for additional information on minors.

CONCENTRATION AREAS

Students wishing to specialize in a particular science or discipline may do so by working with an advisor to select an appropriate sequence of elective courses within one of the required options. Sample areas of concentration and suggested courses are:

1. Water science: ENSC 136, ENSC 140, ENSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 163

2. Environmental chemistry: ENSC 135, ENSC 136, CHEM 109, CHEM 125, CHEM 140, GEO 137, SLSC 104

GRADUATE PROGRAMS

Faculty in the Department of Environmental Sciences participate in a number of campus graduate programs including: Chemistry, Economics, Environmental Toxicology, Microbiology, and Soil Science. Descriptions for these programs are listed separately in this catalog.

LOWER-DIVISION COURSES  

ENSC 001.
Introduction to Environmental Science: Natural Resources. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on natural resource description, management, and conservation. Topics covered include ecosystem characteristics and function; material and energy flows; population dynamics and influence of population on the environment; energy resources and conservation; and mineral and soil resources and their management. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 001, ENSC 001H, or ENSC 003. Jury.

ENSC 001H.
Honors Introduction to Environmental Science: Natural Resources. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ENSC 001. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on natural resource description, management, and conservation. Topics covered include ecosystem characteristics and function; material and energy flows; population dynamics and influence of population on the environment; energy resources and conservation; and mineral and soil resources and their management. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 001, ENSC 001H, or ENSC 003. Jury.

ENSC 002.
Introduction to Environmental Science: Environmental Quality. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on the impact of human development and technology on the quality of natural resources and living organisms. Topics covered include soil, water, and air pollution; water, land, and food resources; wildlife management and species endangerment; toxicology and risk management; and solid and hazardous waste management. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 002, ENSC 002H, or ENSC 003. Jury.

ENSC 002H.
Honors Introduction to Environmental Science: Environmental Quality. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ENSC 002. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on the impact of human development and technology on the quality of natural resources and living organisms. Topics covered include soil, water, and air pollution; water, land, and food resources; wildlife management and species endangerment; toxicology and risk management; and solid and hazardous waste management. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 002, ENSC 002H, or ENSC 003. Jury.

ENSC 003.
Contemporary Issues in the Environmental Sciences. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. This course represents an issue-oriented application of scientific principles to understanding the causes and consequences of environmental modification. Case studies of environmental issues appearing in the mass media provide the context for assessing the status of scientific knowledge and its role in human decision making. This course may not be taken by students who have completed ENSC 001, ENSC 001H, ENSC 002, or ENSC 002H. Yates.

ENSC 006.
Man, Scarcity, and the Environment. (4) F,S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to the basic principles of economics and their application to problems of environmental quality an natural resource utilization. Emphasis on the failure of markets as a cause to environmental degradation and the role of government in resolving problems of natural resource scarcity. Cross-listed with ECON 006.

ENSC 017.
Environmental Impacts of Urbanization. (4) F

Lecture, two hours: discussion, two hours. Prerequisite(s): none. Lectures and simulation exercises illustrating applications of principles from the physical and biological sciences to the analysis of urban systems and their impact on air and water quality, ecosystems, and reciprocal impacts at the urban-rural interface. Opportunities and constraints for mitigating the environmental impacts or urbanization. Diage.

ENSC 020.
Principles of Environmental Law and Regulation. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. A survey of legal principles as applied to environmental regulation by federal and state governments. Emphasis is given to statutes, case law, agency regulations pertaining to air and water quality.

UPPER-DIVISION COURSES

ENSC 100.
Introduction to Soil Science. (3) F

Lecture, three hours.Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C; and concurrent enrollment in SLSC 100L or ENSC 100L; GEO 001 recommended. Introduction to morphology, physics, chemistry, microbiology, fertility, and classification of soils in relation to their uses and the environment. Lund.

ENSC 100L.
Land Resources Laboratory. (2) F

Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C and concurrent enrollment in ENSC 100; GEO 001, recommended. Properties of lands as related to natural landscapes and their use by man. Requirements of land for agricultural, urban, industrial, and recreational use. Applications of remote sensing to land resource evaluation. Lund.

ENSC 101.
Water Resources. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 006 or consent of instructor. The hydrologic cycle, the geographical distribution of water, aquatic ecosystems and the use of species and communities as indicators of water quality, the uses of water, the problems of allocating water and a critical analysis of the several devices through which water is allocated among competing demands. Letey.

ENSC 102.
Introductory Atmospheric Science. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C. The structure of the atmosphere and man's impact upon it. The causes and consequences of air pollution. Air quality standards. Stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Introduction to the chemistry of air pollution and air pollution control strategies. Arey.

ENSC 127.
Transport Processes through Soils as Related to Environmental Contaminants. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C, ENSC 100, MATH 009B. Description of transport processes (indicating similarities in concepts and approaches) of water, heat, organic and inorganic chemicals and electricity through porous media such as soils. Application of these principles to the movement of environmental contaminants through soil will be made. Letey, Farmer.

ENSC 131.
Biology of the Soil Environment. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B, CHEM 112A-CHEM 112, ENSC 100, SLSC 100L; or consent of instructor. The inhabitants of soil and their interrelationships with environmental quality. Biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, including wetlands; anthropogenic compounds in soils and their fate, transformations, and food-chain transfer. Soil biotic effects on water and air quality.

ENSC 135.
Chemistry of the Clean and Polluted Atmosphere. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B or consent of instructor; ENSC 102 recommended. Structure of the troposphere and stratosphere; formation of atmospheric ozone; tropospheric NO chemistry; methane oxidation cycle; phase distributions of chemicals; wet and dry deposition; chemistry of volatile organic compounds; formation of photochemical air pollution; modeling of air pollution and control strategies; stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming. Cross-listed with CHEM 135 and ENTX 135. Atkinson.

ENSC 136.
Chemistry of Natural Waters. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 005 with a grade of "C-" or better or SLSC 104 with a grade of "C-" or better or consent of instructor. Introduction to processes controlling the chemical composition of natural waters. Topics include chemical equilibria, acid-base and coordination chemistry, oxidation-reduction reactions, precipitation-dissolution, air-water exchange, and use of equilibrium and kinetic models for describing marine nutrient, trace metal, and sediment chemistry. Cross-listed with CHEM 136 and ENTX 136. Ziemann.

ENSC 140.
Limnology. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C, ENSC 101. Study of surface waters. Considers in detail the physical and chemical processes in surface waters, aquatic biology, ecosystem dynamics, and aspects of surface water quality and modeling. Anderson.

ENSC 141.
Aquatic Microbiology. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 002 and BIOL 003 or BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B, CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C, ENSC 101. Microorganisms in natural and human-impacted waters: their distribution, enumeration, and activity. Human pathogens in surface and ground water. Transmission of disease via contaminated water. Regulations pertaining to microorganisms in water. Yates.

ENSC 142.
Water Quality. (4) S

Lecture, four hours. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C; ENSC 101; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Principles and practices of water pollution control: basic concepts of water quality management; chemistry and physics of water purification processes. Chang.

ENSC 142L.
Water Quality Laboratory. (1) S

Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 142 (may be taken concurrently). Laboratory exercises in water quality evaluation and water purification processes. Chang.

ENSC 143.
Natural Resource Economics. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 003 or ECON 006/ENSC 006 required. ECON 102A strongly recommended. Dynamic models of natural resource management, including exhaustible resources (fossil fuels, minerals); renewable resources (fish, forests). Models of industry behavior are contrasted with socially optimal patterns of resource use. Methods of achieving efficient use of resources and principles of cost-benefit analysis are studied. Cross-listed with ECON 143.

ENSC 143A.
Environmental Economics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 003, MATH 022 or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Introduction to economic analysis of natural resources and the environment with emphasis on environmental quality. Topics include environment-economy interactions and social choice theory; source control costs, damage valuation, and efficient pollution control; and design of efficient and equitable environmental policy. Cross-listed with ECON 143A.

ENSC 143B.
Natural Resource Economics. (4)

Lecture, three hours, discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 143A/ENSC 143A or consent of instructor. Considers the extraction and use of natural resources. Topics include land use and natural capital economics and valuation; economics of mineral and nonrenewable resources including recycling; and managing biological and renewable resources, including common property, efficient usage, and regulation. Cross-listed with ECON 143B.

ENSC 143C.
Ecological Economics and Environmental Valuation. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 143A/ENSC 143A or consent of instructor. Survey of environmental valuation and economy-wide, long time-scale issues. Valuation methods covered include hedonic pricing, weak complements, contingent valuation, and ecosystem services. Environmental macroeconomic topics include population growth, biophysical constraints to economic growth, intertemporal welfare and sustainability, and sustainable development. Cross-listed with ECON 143C.

ENSC 144.
Solid Wastes. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H; MATH 005; or consent of instructor. Characterization of municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastes with emphasis on their potential environmental impact. Discussion, in detail, of the collection, transportation, treatment, resources recovery, and disposal of various solid wastes. Topics dealing with solid waste management strategy and techniques. Crohn.

ENSC 145.
Environmental Economics. (4) S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 003 or ECON 006/ENSC 006 required. Application of a body of intermediate economic principles to environmental problems. Emphasis on reasons for the existence of environmental pollution and the evaluation of corrective policy instruments in theory and practice. Cross-listed with ECON 145.

ENSC 155.
Principles and Applications of Bioremediation.
(4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B; CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B; and ENSC 100. Principles, applications, and case histories of biological treatment in the cleanup of hazardous chemicals including remediation of contaminated soils, sediments, sludges, groundwater, and vapors. Frankenberger.

ENSC 163.
Hydrology. (4) F

Lecture, four hours. Prerequisite(s): STAT 100A and STAT 004 or STAT 150; MATH 009A-MATH 009B; or consent of instructor. Introduction to the scientific study of the hydrologic cycle. The measurement and evaluation of hydrologic phenomena, including statistical methods. Computer techniques in hydrology, with applications to water resource development and water quality problems, particularly in California. J. Wu.

ENSC 170.
Workshop in Environmental Management. (4) F

Workshop, five hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Training exercise in which students make decisions and interact to influence the simulated physical, political, social, and economic environments of a typical American metropolitan area. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) only, but student may petition instructor for letter grade. Diage.

ENSC 172.
Principles of Environmental Impact Analysis. (4) W,S

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 006/ENSC 006; ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H. Principles and theories of analyzing environmental interactions. Critical analysis of methodologies for assessing the physical, biological and social impacts on the environment by human activities. Synthesis of the subject matter through preparation of an environmental impact report. Diage.

ENSC 172L.
Laboratory in Environmental Impact Analysis. (1)

Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): concurrent enrollment in ENSC 172. Laboratory exercises designed to identify and evaluate potential sources of error associated with selected methods of predicting environmental impacts resulting from human actions. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

ENSC 174.
Law, Institutions, and the Environment. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H; or consent of instructor. Introduction to the important and complex issues of natural resource ownership, protection, and regulation in the institutional environment of local, state, and federal laws, implementing agencies, and competing interests in environmental protection. Decision making is examined in the context of the rights and limits of both private parties and the broad public interest in the use and protection of natural resources. Kindschy.

ENSC 176.
Acquisition and Analysis of Environmental Data. (4) S

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three hours; field, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 100, ENSC 101, ENSC 102, STAT 100A-STAT 100B or STAT 120A-STAT 120B, and consent of instructor. General principles of sampling of air, soil, and water. Field exercises to collect samples of lakes, rivers, groundwaters, soils, and air. Interpretation of field and laboratory data using appropriate computer software. Applications of quality control in field and laboratory. Lund, Diage.

ENSC 190.
Special Studies. (1-5) F,W,S

Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Special studies as a means of meeting special curricular problems. Graded on Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) basis; however, students may petition the instructor for a letter grade. Course is repeatable.

ENSC 191.
Seminar in Professional Development in Environmental Sciences. (2) F,W,S

Seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing in Environmental Sciences or consent of instructor. Lectures and discussions on scientific writing, critical analysis in reading, public speaking, job interview and resume preparation, and professional conduct. Students make both written and oral presentations on topics in Environmental Sciences.

ENSC 197.
Research for Undergraduates. (1-4) F,W,S

Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Individual research on a problem relating to environmental science to be conducted under the guidance of an instructor. Graded on Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) basis; however, students may petition the instructor for a letter grade. Course is repeatable.

ENSC 198-I.
Internship in Environmental Sciences. (1-12) F,W,S

Field, three to thirty-six hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H or equivalent; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H or equivalent. An academic internship, involving participation in a functional capacity in the enhancement or maintenance of environmental quality, conducted under the joint supervision of an off-campus sponsor and a faculty member in Environmental Sciences. A final written report based on the internship experience is required. One unit of credit for every three hours per week spent in internship. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC), but in exceptional cases student may petition for a letter grade. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 16 units.