Stephen R. Spindler, Ph.D., ChairDepartment Office, 1491 Boyce Hall
Graduate Program (909) 787-5093
Undergraduate Program (909) 787-4229
http://biochem.ucr.edu

Professors
Craig V. Byus, Ph.D. (Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences)
Achilles Dugaiczyk, Ph.D.
Michael F. Dunn, Ph.D.
Daniel R. Gallie, Ph.D.
Helen L. Henry, Ph.D.
Richard A. Luben, Ph.D. (Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences)
Anthony W. Norman, Ph.D. (Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences)
Justin K.M. Roberts, Ph.D.
Stephen R. Spindler, Ph.D.
Jolinda A. Traugh, Ph.D.

Professors Emeriti
Darold D. Holten, Ph.D.
Ning G. Pon, Ph.D.

Associate Professor
Richard J. Debus, Ph.D.

Assistant Professors
Xuan Liu, M.D./Ph.D.
Stephan Wilkens, Ph.D.

**
Adjunct Professor
Ross Adey, M.D.

Affiliated Emeritus
Irving L. Eaks, Ph.D.

Cooperating Faculty
Michael E. Adams, Ph.D. (Entomology and Neuroscience)
Peter Atkinson, Ph.D. (Entomology)
Julia Bailey-Serres, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
Nancy E. Beckage, Ph.D. (Entomology and Neuroscience)
David F. Bocian, Ph.D. (Chemistry)
Elizabeth Bray, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
Wilfred Chen, Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering)
Timothy J. Close, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
Margarita C. Currás-Collazo, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
David A. Eastmond, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Sarjeet S. Gill, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Andrew J. Grosovsky, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Anthony H.C. Huang, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
David A. Johnson, Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences)
Noel T. Keen, Ph.D. (Plant Pathology)
Christian Y. Lytle, Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences)
Manuela Martins-Green, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Rajesh K. Mehra, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Thomas H. Morton, Ph.D. (Chemistry)
Ashok Mulchandani, Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering)
Eugene A. Nothnagel, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
William H. Okamura, Ph.D. (Chemistry)
Frances M. Sladek, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)
Patricia S. Springer, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
Michael B. Stemerman, M.D. (Biomedical Sciences)
Christopher Y. Switzer, Ph.D. (Chemistry)
Linda L. Walling, Ph.D. (Botany and Plant Sciences)
Raphael Zidovetzki, Ph.D. (Neuroscience)

Biochemistry holds a central position in the life sciences. At the interface between Biology and Chemistry, it deals with the molecular structures and reactions essential to all life processes. A degree in Biochemistry prepares students for a broad range of career possibilities in research, industry, and the health professions. In the past decade, a third of our graduates have entered professional schools (medical, dental, optometry, pharmacy, osteopathy, and veterinary), a third have entered M.S. or Ph.D. graduate programs (in Biochemistry, Physiology, Public Health, Pathology, Molecular Biology, and Virology), and a third have gone to work (in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, clinical and research laboratories, and teaching).

The course work required for the Biochemistry degree is rigorous and comprehensive, and gives students a solid grounding on which to base their career goals. There are two emphasis areas within the Biochemistry major, Chemistry and Biology. The choice of emphasis depends on the career plans of the student, and determines from which course groupings upper-division electives are selected to complete the major requirements. The Biology emphasis is geared toward students interested in the health professions, while the Chemistry emphasis is generally chosen by students interested in pharmacy, forensics, or biophysical sciences. The program focuses on the development of laboratory and critical thinking skills, and hands-on laboratory experience. In addition, participation in an independent research project (BCH 197) or research tutorial (BCH 190), carried out under the supervision of a faculty member, is possible. Internships in industry (BCH 198-I) are also available, and often lead to valuable job experience and employment opportunities.

The department offers both Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees. The major and emphasis requirements are the same for both, and most students choose the B.S. degree. The B.A. degree requires 12 additional units of Humanities and Social Sciences courses, and 16 units or a course 4 equivalency level of a foreign language (see College Breadth Requirements).

TRANSFER STUDENTS

Transfer students majoring in Biochemistry need to complete at least three of the following full-year sequences, which must include first-year calculus and general chemistry:

1. First-year calculus, equivalent to MATH 009A-MATH 009B-MATH 009C
2. General chemistry, equivalent to CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C
3. Organic chemistry (must be completed with a minimum grade of "B" in each term)
4. General biology, equivalent to BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B (and BIOL 005C, if available)
5. General physics (calculus-based) equivalent to PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C or PHYS 040A, PHYS 040B, PHYS 040C

Students must have a minimum grade point average of 2.70 in transferable college courses.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS

General University requirements are Universitywide requirements which all undergraduates must satisfy. See the Undergraduate Studies section for a complete listing.

COLLEGE REQUIREMENTS

Students must fulfill all breadth requirements of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. See Degree Requirements under College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog.

Some of the following requirements for the major may also fulfill some of the College's breadth requirements. Consult with a department advisor for course planning.

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS

The major requirements and the emphasis requirements are the same for the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry. Choose one emphasis.

1.  Lower-division requirements (51 units)

• a)  BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C
• b)  PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LA-PHYS 02LB-PHYS 02LC
• c)  CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C
• d)  MATH 009A-MATH 009B-MATH 009C

GRADUATE PROGRAM

The Department of Biochemistry offers a graduate program leading to the master's or Ph.D. degree in biochemistry. This program emphasizes basic biochemistry with research specialization in the areas of molecular biology, physical biochemistry, molecular endocrinology, plant biochemistry and molecular biology, signal transduction, and biomedical research. It is designed for students who are planning a career of research and teaching in biochemistry at colleges and universities or who wish to engage in biochemical investigations of fundamental or applied nature in private, governmental or commercial laboratories.

Students who have completed a bachelor's degree in physical, biological, chemical, or agricultural sciences are invited to apply to the program. Regardless of the area of their major for the baccalaureate degree, students should have taken the following courses prior to beginning graduate study in biochemistry or should plan to make up deficiencies soon after entering graduate school: one year of calculus, one year of general physics, one year of organic chemistry, an introductory course in physical chemistry and at least two courses in biology at the upper-division level, including genetics.

Students applying to the graduate program in biochemistry should arrange to take the Graduate Record Examination General Test in time for their scores to be submitted with their application.

DOCTORAL DEGREE

Students' course requirements are determined in consultation with a three member advisory committee appointed for them upon their arrival. Based on their interests and previous training, individual course programs are suggested for students involving courses in biochemistry and courses in a subsidiary field of study. The subsidiary field may be chosen from any of the physical, biological, or agricultural sciences. Although an adequate course preparation is a requisite part of the training program, the department encourages early involvement of the students in research directed toward their dissertations.

Students who are candidates for the Ph.D. degree normally enter the graduate program in the fall quarter at the beginning of a new academic year and begin their training according to the plan suggested by their individual advisory committees. At the end of the first quarter, the students select their major professors and are ready to initiate a research project. At the end of the first year, the students submit a written report describing their research efforts and relating them to current biochemical work in related areas. After the second year, students take a comprehensive written qualifying examination, then submit and orally defend a research report in which they describe the research they have performed thus far and develop a plan for their complete dissertation research project. This fulfills the Graduate Division's requirement for an oral qualifying examination; students completing these requirements are advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree. Following completion of their research, a written dissertation is submitted, and they conclude their studies with an oral defense of the dissertation. As part of the program, each student is required to serve at least two quarters as a teaching assistant.

The normative time to the Ph.D. degree is 15 quarters.

MASTER'S DEGREE

In addition to the Ph.D. program, the department offers two plans for the master's degree (Plan I--Thesis; Plan II--Comprehensive Examination). Both plans require completion of at least 36 course units; for Plan I, a maximum of 12 units may be for thesis research.

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. Introduction to the biological basis of human nutrition in the context of plant-animal-microorganism cycles and the characteristics of different food classes. The effects of nutritional needs, food availability, and the expanding human population are discussed. Students record and evaluate their own diet. Norman.

BCH 097. Research Tutorial in Biochemistry. (1)

Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): lower-division standing, minimum grade point average of 3.5, approval of undergraduate advisor and consent of instructor. Laboratory tutorial in Biochemistry. To provide biochemistry laboratory experience for exceptional lower-division students. A written report is required at the end of each quarter. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). The course may be repeated for up to 3 units.

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C; CHEM 112A, CHEM 112B, CHEM 112C (CHEM 112C may be taken concurrently). An introduction to the chemistry and molecular biology of living organisms based on a study of the structures, functions, and metabolism of small molecules and macromolecules of biological significance. A general perspective of structure-function relationships, enzyme action, regulation, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism, and molecular biology is developed drawing on selected examples from animals, plants, and microorganisms. Survey course designed for the biological science core curriculum. Byus, Dugaiczyk, Henry, Norman.

BCH 102. Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two 4-hour laboratories. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100 with a grade of "C-" or better or BCH 110A with a grade of "C-" or better or consent of instructor. Introduction to biochemistry laboratory techniques including spectrophotometry, pH and buffer preparation, methods of protein determination, principles and uses of chromatography, enzyme assay, theory and measurement of radioisotopes (liquid scintillation counting), SDS-gel electrophoresis, theory of centrifugation. Most experiments include a quantitative component" upon which the student's performance is graded. Debus, Liu.

BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C. General Biochemistry. (4-4-4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A; BIOL 005B; CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B-CHEM 112C; MATH 009A-MATH 009B; for BCH 110B: a grade of "C-" or better in BCH 110A or consent of instructor; for BCH 110C: BIOL 102 or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 115 or consent of instructor and a grade of "C-" or better in BCH 110B or a grade of "C-" or better in BCH 100 or consent of instructor. Consideration of biological molecules including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids; 110A: structural aspects of biological molecules and principles of enzymology; 110B: metabolism, control mechanisms, and photosynthesis; 110C: molecular biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. Debus, Dugaiczyk, Gallie, Luben, Norman, Roberts, Spindler, Webster.

BCH 120. General Biochemistry Related to Biomedical Sciences. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100 with a grade of "C+" or better or BCH 110A-BCH 110B with grades of "C-" or better or consent of instructor. Lectures on biochemical and molecular aspects of modern endocrinology, nutrition, metabolic diseases, and blood chemistry. Emphasis is on relation of the above topics to medicine. The discussion sections are used for presentations on topical medical problems. Although the course is designed specifically for the curriculum of the Biomedical Sciences Program, it may be appropriate for students in other departments. Cross-listed with BMSC 120. Henry, Luben, Norman.

BCH 153. Plant Biotechnology. (4)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; upper division standing; consent of instructor. A study of modern techniques in plant genome modification. Topics include nucleic acid cloning and sequencing, plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, controlled-environment plant growth, gene mapping, and germplasm collections. Also explores the history of plant biotechnology; economic, agricultural, nutritional, medicinal, and societal relevance; and regulatory issues. Cross-listed with BIOL 153 and BPSC 153. Credit is awarded for only one of BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC 153 or BIOL 109. Close.

BCH 162. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory. (5)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; laboratory, two 4.5-hour laboratories. Prerequisite(s): BCH 102, BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C all with grades of "C+" or better (BCH 110C may be taken concurrently); consent of instructor. Purification, quantitation, and analysis of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid. Molecular techniques include DNA cloning, in situ hybridization, restriction mapping, PCR, and DNA sequencing. Biochemical techniques include in vitro transcription and translation, immunochemistry, phase extraction, affinity chromatography, and gel shift assays.

BCH 183. Plant Biochemistry. (3)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B or BCH 100. The course is designed for the student interested in plant biochemistry who wishes to become informed about biochemical structures, systems and metabolic pathways which are unique to plants; for example, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, cell walls, and seed development and germination.

BCH 184. Topics in Physical Biochemistry. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion,one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100 with a grade of "C-" or better or BCH 110A with a grade of "C-" or better, and CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B-CHEM 112C, and CHEM 109 or CHEM 110A; or consent of instructor. Lectures on the application of spectroscopy, imaging, and other physical methods in biochemistry including study of macromolecular structure, nucleic acid-protein interactions, subcellular structures, bioenergetics, mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis, enzyme kinetics, and metabolism. Dunn, Roberts.

BCH 185. Molecular Evolution. (4)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; BIOL 108 recommended. Explores the evolution of genes, proteins, and genomes at the molecular level. The focus is on the processes that drive molecular evolutionary change. Attention is also given to the analysis of molecular data within the framework of evolutionary theory. Cross-listed with BPSC 185. Clegg, Dugaiczyk.

BCH 190. Special Studies. (2-4)

Individual study, six to sixteen hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Literature review and tutorial in select modern biochemical topics. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 9 units.

BCH 197. Research for Undergraduate Students. (1-4)

Prerequisite(s): junior status and consent of the instructor. Directed research and preparation of written report. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 9 units.

BCH 198-I. Internship in Biochemistry. (1-12)

Internship, three to thirty-six hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 102, consent of instructor, upper-division standing. An internship to provide students with on-the-job biochemical experience in government, industrial or clinical laboratories. Each individual project must be approved by the Biochemistry Department and the laboratory director where the internship is to be carried out. A written report is required. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for a total of 12 units. Only 9 units total of courses numbered 190 through 198 may be counted toward the 180 unit graduation requirement. Henry.

Lecture, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C or equivalents; BCH 184 (may be taken concurrently); CHEM 109; graduate standing or consent of instructor. Discussion of recent advances in the knowledge of the molecular architecture of proteins and nucleic acids, especially with respect to new experimental approaches for analyzing their structure and function. Chemistry of the active site of enzymes. Johnson, Wilkens.

BCH 211. Molecular Biology. (3)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C or equivalents; graduate standing or consent of instructor. Advanced topics in molecular biology of the biosynthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Some topics covered include the following: molecular anatomy of genes and chromosomes; DNA repair and recombination; regulation of genes in the cell cycle; telomerase; RNA processing and splicing; RNA editing; regulation of normal genes and oncogenes; chaperones and protein targeting. Liu.

BCH 212. Signal Transduction and Biochemical Regulation. (3)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C or equivalents; graduate standing or consent of instructor. Advanced topics in signal transduction and biochemical regulation. Some topics covered include the following: protein kinases and protein phosphorylation; phosphatases and their role in regulation; function of phosphorylation events in regulation of metabolism and growth; calcium and other ion channels as signal transduction mechanisms, steriod hormones receptor super family; immune system signal transduction events. Luben, Traugh.

BCH 222. Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory. (1-3)

Laboratory, 4 to 12 hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 102, BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C (BCH 110B-BCH 110C may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. Instruction in the application and interpretation of specialized biochemical techniques. Dunn.

BCH 230 (E-Z). Advanced Topics in Biochemistry. (2)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; outside reading, two to four hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH100 or BCH 110A-BCH 110B or consent of instructor. A series of courses which may be entered in any quarter. Each course considers the most recent advances in the particular field by analysis of the recent literature. E. Recombinant DNA; F. Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions; G. Regulation of Protein Synthesis; H. The Biochemistry of Transport and Membrane Function; J. Regulation of Primary Metabolism; K. Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression; L. Biochemical Control Mechanisms; N. Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action; O. Bioenergetics; R. Macromolecular Architecture; S. Steroid Metabolism; T. Tumor Suppressor and Cell Cycle Regulation; V. Signal Transduction; W. Biochemistry of Fertilization and Early Development; X. Symmetry in Biological Systems.

BCH 231. The Plant Genome. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100, BIOL 107A; or BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C; or consent of instructor. Gives students an appreciation for the structure of the plant nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes. Gene structure, regulation of gene expression, transposons, and methods of gene introduction are also emphasized. Cross-listed with BPSC 231. Bailey-Serres, Walling.

BCH 240. Special Topics in Biochemistry. (2)

Lecture, two hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C or equivalents (may be taken concurrently); graduate standing in Biochemistry or consent of instructor. Oral presentations and intensive small-group discussion of selected topics in the area of specialization of each faculty member. Course content emphasizes recent advances in the special topic area and varies accordingly. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit(NC). Course is repeatable.

Biochemical Pharmacology. Byus.
Plant Stress Genomics. Close.
Protein Expression and Plasticity of Brain Glutamate Receptors. Currás-Collazo.
Photosynthesis: Electron Transfer and O2 Evolution. Debus.
Genome Evolution. Dugaiczyk.
Transient-State Studies of Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Reactions. Dunn.
Plant Gene Expression. Gallie.
Mutagenesis, Recombination, and Genomic Instability. Grosovsky.
Steroid and Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism. Henry.
Tumor Suppressor and Cell Cycle Regulation. Liu.
Research Topics in Endocrinology. Luben.
Chemokines in Healing and Disease. Martins-Green.
Biosensors. Mulchandani.
Mechanisms of Steroid Hormones. Norman.
Chemical and Structural Biology of Steroids. Okamura.
Regulation of Primary Metabolism. Roberts.
Regulation of Tissue-Specific Gene Expression. Sladek.
Regulation of Gene Expression. Spindler.
Endothelial Cell Perturbation. Stemerman.
Signal Transduction. Traugh.
Plant Defense Mechanisms. Walling.
Structure and Function of Transport ATPase. Wilkens.

BCH 241. Bioorganic Chemistry. (3)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100 or BCH 110A; BCH 184 or CHEM 110B; CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B-CHEM 112C; graduate standing or consent of instructor. Biochemical reactions discussed from a chemical standpoint, including reactions associated with bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and enzyme catalysis. Emphasis on reaction mechanisms. Cross-listed with CHEM 241.

BCH 250. Oral Presentations in Biochemistry. (2)

Seminar, one hour; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. Training and practice in the presentation of biochemical concepts in both short and long seminar formats, using blackboard, overhead projector, and slides. Presentations are immediately and critically evaluated by both faculty and staff. Limited to 10 students.

BCH 251. Graduate Seminar in Biochemistry. (2)

Seminar, one hour; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 250. Oral reports by graduate students on current research topics in biochemistry. Spindler in charge.

BCH 252. General Seminar in Biochemistry. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. Oral reports by faculty, graduate students, and visiting scholars on current research topics in biochemistry. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Spindler in charge.

BCH 257. Graduate Seminar in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. Lectures by visiting scholars on current research in cell, molecular, and developmental biology. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BIOL 257, BMSC 257, BPSC 257, ENTM 257, ENTX 257, NEM 257, NRSC 257, and PLPA 257.

BCH 261. Colloquium in Recombinant DNA. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Oral reports by visiting scholars, faculty and students on current research topics in recombinant DNA. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BIOL 261, BPSC 261, ENTM 261, and PLPA 261. Dugaiczyk.

BCH 264. Seminar-Tutorial in Physical Biochemistry. (2)

Seminar, one hour; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 210 or consent of instructor. Oral reports and discussions by visiting scholars and faculty on current research topics in the area of physical biochemistry.

BCH 287. Colloquium in Neuroscience. (1)

Colloquium, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Oral reports on current research topics in neuroscience with presentations by visiting scholars, faculty, and students. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BIOL 287, BMSC 287, CHEM 287, ENTM 287, NRSC 287, and PSYC 287. Hatton in charge.

BCH 289. Special Topics in Neuroscience. (2)

Seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. An interdisciplinary seminar consisting of student presentations and discussion of selected topics in neuroscience. Content and instructor(s) vary each time course offered. Letter grades will be assigned to students presenting formal seminars; others will be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BIOL 289, BMSC 289, CHEM 289, ENTM 289, NRSC 289, and PSYC 289. Hatton in charge.

BCH 290. Directed Studies. (1-4)

Outside research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing in Biochemistry; consent of instructor and graduate advisor. Experimental or literature studies on specifically selected topics undertaken under the direction of a staff member. With prior approval of the graduate advisor, M.S. students may be assigned a letter grade; other students are graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

BCH 291. Individual Study in Biochemistry. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): graduate standing in Biochemistry or consent of instructor. A program of studies designed to advise and assist candidates who are preparing for examinations. Open to M.S. and Ph.D. candidates; does not count toward the unit requirement for the M.S. degree. To be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Repeatable up to 6 units for pre-Master's students and up to 12 units for Ph.D. students prior to successful completion of the qualifying examination.

BCH 297. Directed Research. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): graduate status in Biochemistry or consent of instructor. Directed research in preparation for dissertation projects performed prior to advancement to candidacy. Course will be graded Satisfactory (S) No Credit (NC).

BCH 299. Research for Thesis or Dissertation. (1-12)

Prerequisite(s): graduate status in Biochemistry or consent of instructor. Course will be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and consent of instructor. A program of weekly meetings and individual formative evaluations required of new biochemistry teaching assistants. Covers instructional methods and classroom/section activities most suitable for teaching Biochemistry. Conducted by the TA Development Program. Credit not applicable to graduate unit requirements. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Debus in charge.

BCH 302. Apprentice Teaching. (1-4)

Variable hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing; limited to departmental teaching assistants. Supervised teaching in lower- and upper-division Biochemistry courses. Required for all Biochemistry teaching assistants. Fulfills portion of the teaching requirements for Ph.D. To be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for credit.