Michael O. Woodburne, Ph.D., Chair
Department Office, 1432 Geology
(909) 787-3435; http://cnas.ucr.edu/~earth/es.html

Professors
Shawn Biehler, Ph.D.
Mary L. Droser, Ph.D.
Harry W. Green, II, Ph.D.
Tien-Chang Lee, Ph.D.
Richard A. Minnich, Ph.D.
Stephen K. Park, Ph.D.
Peter M. Sadler, Ph.D.

Professors Emeriti
Lewis H. Cohen, Ph.D.
Wilfred A. Elders, Ph.D.
Michael A. Murphy, Ph.D.
Robert W. Pease, Ph.D.
Michael O. Woodburne, Ph.D.

Associate Professors
Yue-Hong Chou, Ph.D.
Nigel C. Hughes, Ph.D.
Michael A. McKibben, Ph.D.
Alan E. Williams, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor
Lewis A. Owen, Ph.D.

••
Adjunct Professors
Douglas M. Morton, Ph.D.
Stephen G. Wells, Ph.D.

Adjunct Associate Professor
Larissa F. Dobrzhinetskaya, Ph.D.

Adjunct Assistant Professor
Thomas A. Scott, Ph.D.

Lecturer
Marilyn A. Kooser, Ph.D.

The Department of Earth Sciences offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in Geography and in Geology and Bachelor of Science degrees in Geography, Geology, and Geophysics. The B.S. degree programs are designed for students with a strong interest in the sciences who, after consultation with the undergraduate advisor, wish to emphasize this aspect of their education more extensively than is possible with the B.A. program. The programs in the Department of Earth Sciences place substantial emphasis on field work with field courses, field trips in all appropriate courses, and excursions between quarters.

The Department of Earth Sciences offers the M.A. and M.S. in Geography, the M.S. in Geological Sciences, the Ph.D. in Geography, and the Ph.D. in Geological Sciences.

Degrees Available

Undergraduate advising in the Department of Earth Sciences is designed to allow close professional contact with our faculty and staff. Counseling on graduation and departmental requirements as well as counseling on enrollment is handled in the Department Office by the Student Affairs Officer.

Each major will select a faculty mentor who will counsel the student on career goals and research opportunities. The department recommends that each student meet with their faculty mentor at least once each quarter to clarify career objectives and revise the program of study so it is commensurate with the developing interests and objectives of the student.

TEACHING CREDENTIAL

Teachers in the public schools in California must have a credential approved by the State Commission on Teacher Credentialing. The credential requires an undergraduate major, baccalaureate degree, and completion of a graduate credential program such as that offered by the School of Education at UCR. The latter usually requires three quarters and includes education courses and supervised teaching.

Before admission and student teaching in a graduate credential program, the candidate must pass the California Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST) and demonstrate subject-matter proficiency in the fields which the candidate will teach. The candidate can demonstrate proficiency either by passing the Commission's subject-matter assessment examination, or preferably, by completion of an undergraduate program that is state-approved for teacher preparation.

UCR has an approved undergraduate program for earth science majors who plan to get a Multiple-subject Credential and teach in the elementary (K-6) grades. A breadth of course work is necessary, in addition to those required for the major. Students are urged to start early, preferably as freshmen, selecting courses most helpful for this career.

UCR does not yet have a state-approved undergraduate program for earth science majors who wish to teach at the secondary level. The Teaching Credential in Science, geoscience emphasis, is required for geoscience teachers, grades 7-12. Students who plan to get this credential must take the Commission's subject-matter assessment examination and should make certain their academic program includes preparatory course work. The examination includes geoscience in depth and general science with introductory, college-level biology, chemistry, physics, and geoscience (geology, meteorology, oceanography, astronomy).

Further information about courses, requirements, and examinations can be obtained in orientation meetings, the Student Affairs Office (1432 Geology Building), and the School of Education (1215 Sproul Hall).

GEOGRAPHY MAJOR

The Geography Program offers two options for students who have a broad interest in Earth surface systems: Biogeography and Geomorphology. Spatial and temporal variations in physical phenomena and human activities, their interactions, and the processes producing spatial distributions are major concerns of geography. Geographers study such topics as climate and climatic change; processes in the evolution of landforms; ecology, distribution, and conservation of plant and animal species; the human use of the natural environment; and processes of urban growth and decline.

BIOGEOGRAPHY OPTION

Students fulfilling the Biogeography option study the distribution, structure, dynamics, and conservation of natural communities and ecosystems. Biogeography has foundations both in biological and earth sciences. The biogeography of species is studied to determine evolutionary and dispersal history over long time scales (see paleontology under Geological Sciences, below). Geographers investigate local and regional distributions in relation to the contemporary environment and impacts by people. Biogeographers also examine strategies which attempt to protect ecosystem and species diversity by integrating ecosystem management into human-impacted landscapes. Students in this option receive training in ecology, vegetation analysis, resource conservation, and management of natural lands.

GEOMORPHOLOGY OPTION

Students who choose the Geomorphology option study the nature and spatial pattern of landforms in relation to tectonics and the contemporary physical processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition. The ages of land features are evaluated to infer erosional and depositional histories and their relationship to climatic and tectonic change. Students who undertake this option obtain practical training in the evaluation of natural hazards in relation to land use and planning.

GEOLOGY MAJOR

The department offers two options for the Geology major: General Geology and Paleontology. Students who choose the Geology major study the structure, composition, and history of the earth, and in particular, it's crust--the earth's immediate surface and underlying rocks. Geologists examine rocks and minerals in order to formulate and test theories on natural processes affecting the earth and to explore for mineral resources. They may also study fossil remains of animals and plant life and observe the flow of fluids and gases through rocks to determine the ages and rates of change of various parts of the earth's crust, as well as the possibility of oil and gas deposits. They contribute to environmental impact studies by examining the effects of wind,water, earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic action on landforms. Geologists also determine sources of groundwater and possible contamination effects.

GEOPHYSICS MAJOR

Students who choose the Geophysics major apply the principles and concepts of physics, mathematics, geology, and engineering to the study of the physical characteristics of the earth and other planets. They make measurements of gravity and magnetic fields, seismic waves, temperatures, and natural electric current. Geophysicists study these topics from the standpoint of the physics of solid bodies, gases, and fluids. Some geophysicists are field oriented, some laboratory oriented, some theoretical, and some combine these areas.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS

General University requirements are Universitywide requirements which all undergraduates must satisfy. See the Undergraduate Studies section for a complete listing.

COLLEGE REQUIREMENTS

Students must fulfill all breadth requirements of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. See Degree Requirements under College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog.

Some of the following requirements for the major may also fulfill some of the College's breadth requirements. Consult with a department advisor for course planning.

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS

GEOGRAPHY

In both lower- and upper-division courses, the curriculum in Geography provides an overview of the earth sciences. Students are required to take an analytical course series in remote sensing and geographic information systems, which have become essential tools in geographic research. Students must also develop complementary background in either statistics, computer science, or calculus. Usually by the sophomore year, students must have selected a curriculum option. In each option, students must fulfill required and elective courses from outside the major and within upper-division Geosciences.

The following are the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Science degree in Geography. Students must complete the core requirements and choose one option.

Core requirements (20 units)

1. Lower-division requirements: GEO 001, GEO 002, GEO 006

2. Upper-division requirements: GEO 156, GEO 157

Option requirements

1. Biogeography Option

• a) BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 117

• b) PHYS 040A, PHYS 040B, PHYS 040C

• c) CHEM 001A-CHEM 001B-CHEM 001C

• d) MATH 009A-MATH 009B

• e) Four (4) units from STAT 100A or STAT 120A

• f) BPSC 146

• g) GEO 003/BIOL 010, GEO 158, GEO 160, GEO 162A, GEO 167, GEO 168A-GEO 168B

• h) For the B.S.: 16 units related to the major from ANTH 116A-ANTH 116B, ANTH 132; BIOL 105, BIOL 118, BIOL 163; BPSC 143/BIOL 143; ENSC 100, ENSC 163; GEO 151, GEO 152/BIOL 152; SWSC 102

The Department of Earth Sciences offers degrees in Geological Sciences and in Geography. Graduate education in the Geological Sciences emphasizes general geology combined with specialization in fields such as applied geophysics, geotectonics, crustal processes, geochemistry, petrology, geothermal resource investigations, groundwater, mineral deposits, stratigraphy, sedimentology, basin analysis, carbonate diagenesis, evolutionary paleobiology, invertebrate paleontology, Quaternary geology, and neotectonics. Graduate education in Geography emphasizes geomorphology, neotectonics, landscape ecology, fire ecology, natural resource conservation, locational analysis, transportation modeling, quantitative geographic methods, including GIS. In both degrees, integrated field and laboratory studies are encouraged. An undergraduate degree in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, or geography is the normal preparation for graduate work; however, a degree from a related field of science or engineering is often appropriate. Applicants to graduate status must supply Graduate Record Examination scores for the General Test (verbal, quantitative, analytical) prior to their admission.

MASTER'S DEGREE

M.S. degrees are offered in Geological Sciences (with emphasis in Geology or in Geophysics) and in Geography. The normative time to a master's degree is seven quarters. In addition to the general requirements listed under the Graduate Studies section of this catalog, the requirements for the M.S. are as follows:

1. A student is required to make up any deficiency in preparation. The background required is course preparation equivalent to the bachelor's degree in Geology, Geophysics, or Geography at UCR. Courses taken to remedy background deficiencies are not applicable to the graduate degree. Such courses will be designated in the letter of admissions to the program sent to the student by the Dean of the Graduate Division.

2. Biannual reviews by the departmental Graduate Progress Committee are required for all students. A student's progress is assessed in these reviews, and the Committee may recommend changes in a student's plans after these reviews.

3. All students must enroll each quarter in the Graduate Seminar in Geosciences (GEO 250). Students are also required to attend the weekly Hewett Club lecture series.

4. In both Geological Sciences and in Geography, a minimum of 36 units of course work in the major and related subjects and advance approval of a coherent plan of study by the graduate advisor are required.

A maximum of 12 upper-division units beyond the requirements for the bachelor's degree may be applied to the 36-unit requirement. A minimum of 12 units of graduate courses, which must include at least four graduate-level instructional courses taught by four different faculty members as approved by the graduate advisor, are required. Before the end of the third quarter of study and before embarking on research, a student must submit a written thesis proposal to the departmental Graduate Progress Committee. After approval of the proposal, a thesis based on original work must be submitted to and approved by a thesis committee. A maximum of 12 units of thesis research may be counted toward the 36-unit minimum.

5. A final oral examination will consist of an open research seminar, presented by the candidate and advertised to all the students and faculty in the Earth Sciences Department.

Subject to the approval of the graduate advisor, a limited number of upper-division courses in the major and related sciences, if not required for the bachelor's degree and not taken previously, may be accepted for graduate credit.

DOCTORAL DEGREE

In addition to the general University requirements of the Graduate Division as found in the Graduate Studies section of this catalog, the Ph.D. in Geological Sciences and in Geography normally requires

1. Biannual Reviews. All students meet with the Graduate Progress Committee during their first week at UCR to discuss general interests, goals, and plans. The committee will recommend courses designed to prepare a student for research and to correct deficiencies in background. This committee will also review a student's progress biannually and may recommend transfer to the master's program if normal progress is not maintained.

2. All students must enroll each quarter in the Graduate Seminar in Geosciences (GEO 250). Students are also required to attend the weekly Hewett Club lecture series.

3. Course Work. At least four graduate-level instructional courses taught by four different faculty members as approved by the Graduate Advisor are required. Course work used in satisfaction of the M.S. degree may be accepted with the Graduate Advisor's approval.

4. Language. Depending upon the student's proposed area of specialization, the student must demonstrate reading knowledge of a foreign language or facility with a computer programming language. In consultation with the student, during the first year of graduate studies, the Graduate Advisor and potential dissertation advisors will determine the language that will be required.

5. Research Proposal. A research proposal must be written by the student while satisfying course work and language requirements. The proposal will be examined by the faculty and, if acceptable, the Department will recommend appointment of the Oral Examination Committee once all other requirements are completed.

6. Oral Examination. An Oral Examination Committee appointed by the Dean of the Graduate Division will examine the adequacy of the student's preparation to conduct the proposed research. Advancement to candidacy in the Ph.D. program follows successful completion of the oral examination.

7. Dissertation. A dissertation normally evolves from the research proposal. The dissertation must present original scholarly work and be approved by a dissertation committee before the student may take the final oral examination.

8. Final Oral Examination. Satisfactory performance on a final oral examination given by the dissertation committee is required. Major emphasis in this examination will be placed on the dissertation and related topics.

Normative time to the Ph.D. degree from the B.S. degree is 17 quarters.

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three hours; three one-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 010/GEO 003 or BIOL 005C. Topics include evolution and the fossil record; paleoecology; classification theory; the nature of adaptive radiations; and extinctions. Cross-listed with BIOL 152.

GEO 153. Biodiversity through Time. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C or BIOL 010/GEO 003. Focuses on the history of biodiversity and the responses of organisms to episodes of profound environmental change. Outlines the major features of evolutionary history chronicled by fossils, the dynamics of evolutionary radiations and extinctions, and the implications of paleontological data for current issues in biodiversity.

GEO 156. Automated Cartography. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Introduction to computer-assisted mapping. Map making, the graphic representation of Earth patterns; the characteristics and special uses of certain map projections; compilation, generalization, classification, symbolization, and transformation of digital geographic data; isarithmic mapping, trend surfaces and block diagrams, choroplethic mapping, and cartographic design.

GEO 157. Automated Geographic Information Systems. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing. Review and analysis of automated geographic information systems, data structures, data bases, and coordinate systems. Techniques of spatial partitioning, interactive map editing and design, and computer graphics. Computation and display of map projections. Analysis of trends in earth resources data handling.

GEO 158. Remote Sensing of the Environment. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Interpretation and analysis of images and other data of the Earth received through sensors on board aircraft and spacecraft. Conventional aerial photography plus use of infrared, ultraviolet, and microwave sensors will be studied with particular attention to their application to the earth sciences and social sciences.

GEO 160. Atmospheric Circulation. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 002 or consent of instructor. A study of the fundamentals of atmospheric circulation. Topics include radiant energy exchange, atmospheric stability, moisture, cloud and precipitation processes, local winds, polar front jet stream, and tropical circulations.

GEO 161. Quaternary Paleoenvironmental Change. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours; two two-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEO 001 or GEO 002. Examines geological evidence of environmental change throughout Quaternary times ("Ice Age") to provide a framework for understanding natural environmental change and for predicting future change.

GEO 162A-GEO 162B. Geomorphology. (4-4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours; one two-day field trip. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Surficial processes related to the development and evolution of landforms and landscapes at the Earth's surface. Emphasis on weathering regimes, mass wasting and hillslope development, river process and form. Erosional and depositional processes in tectonic, volcanic, arid, karst, glacial, and coastal landscapes.

GEO 167. Conservation and Land Use. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory and field, three hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 168A. Application of biogeographic and ecological theories in the conservation of plants, animals, and wildlands. Topics include biological preserve design, ecological consequences of land development, and wildlife-habitat relationships.

GEO 168A. Biogeography. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 010/GEO 003 or GEO 002 or consent of instructor. Analysis of world vegetation patterns, migrations, and ecological considerations at scales ranging from geologic to historical. Topics include plant migration, endemism, continental species patterns, ecological convergence, island biogeography, and world species diversity.

GEO 168B. Landscape Ecology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 168A. The ecology and distribution of California ecosystems are related to landscape models that integrate fire regimes with climate, vegetation structure, and topography.

GEO 179. Urban Transportation Planning. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): GEO 006 or consent of instructor. Review of transportation models, spatial structure and processes of transportation systems, transportation development and regional economy, optimization of transportation networks, and urban transportation planning processes.

GEO 190. Special Studies. (1-5)

Individual study, 3 to 15 hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; consent of instructor and Department Chair. Individual study to meet special curricular needs. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 9 units.

GEO 191. Undergraduate Seminar in Geological Sciences. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): open to upper division Geological Sciences majors only. For undergraduate students who desire formal participation in the weekly departmental seminar. In addition to attending the seminar, students must write abstracts describing two of the presentations. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated to a total of 6 units.

GEO 195A-GEO 195B-GEO 195C. Senior Thesis. (3-5, 3-5, 3-5)

Hours per week to be established by supervisor. Prerequisite(s): senior status and consent of instructor. Preparation of a thesis based upon supervised field and/or laboratory research and literature review in the geological sciences. The thesis may be undertaken as a one, two, or three quarter sequence. In the case of a two or three quarter sequence, the final grade will be deferred until completion of the last quarter. Total credits may not exceed 9 units.

GEO 198-I. Independent Internship. (1-12)

Field, three to thirty-six hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor, undergraduate advisor, and department chairman. Independent study in a surrogate job condition under non-university supervision. Internships are normally in public or private institutions such as planning departments, research labs, or industry. Position, task, method of reporting completion and accomplishments, and units must have prior agreement among student, instructor, and supervisor. One unit for every three hours per week spent in internship. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Repeatable to 16 units.

Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour; field, thirty hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 117 or BIOL 152/GEO 152 or equivalent or consent of instructor. Focuses on how ecological systems are interpreted and reconciled at the community, landscape, and paleontological scales and on the role of extrinsic factors operating at each of these scales. Examines the historical development of our understanding of ecological systems at various scales. Cross-listed with BIOL 212 and ENTM 212.

GEO 219. Theory of Systematics. (4)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 112/BPSC 112/ENTM 112 or equivalent or consent of instructor. Examines topics developed around a series of classical and recent papers on the principles, philosophy, and methodology of modern systematics and phylogenetic methods. Cross-listed with BIOL 219 and ENTM 219.

GEO 222. Geothermics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Geology, geophysics, and geochemistry applied to geothermal resource investigations. Selected case histories illustrating exploration, assessment, and utilization of geothermal fields.

GEO 225A-GEO 225B. Geology of Sedimentary Rocks. (4-4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 118, GEO 120, and consent of instructor. Includes characterization, recognition, and interpretation of carbonate and detrital rocks, respectively. Laboratory work includes study of polished and thin sections of selected suites of rocks.

GEO 239. Advanced Topics in Ore Petrology. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 139 and consent of instructor. Selected advanced topics in ore petrology, including ore microscopy, ore mineral phase equilibria, fluid inclusion techniques, and thermodynamic calculations relevant to ore genesis. Course content will vary from year to year. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

GEO 241. Advanced Field Geophysics. (14)

Lecture, ten hours; laboratory, sixteen hours; field, fourteen hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 141 or equivalent, knowledge of Fortran or equivalent. Advanced applications of modern geophysical field techniques to the solution of complex geological problems, using seismic refraction and reflection, electrical and electromagnetic, potential field and well logging methods.

GEO 242. Potential Fields. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 130A, GEO 140 or consent of instructor. A study of classical and modern geodesy, the Earth's gravitational and magnetic field from surface and satellite data. The reduction and interpretation of gravity and magnetic measurements and their relationship to major tectonic features. The gravity and magnetic field of the moon and other planets and their relation to surface features.

GEO 244. Landscape Evolution. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours; three two-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEO 101 or GEO 162A or GEO 162B or consent of instructor. Theories of landform and landscape evolution and the systematic analysis of the geographic features and landscape development of Earth's natural regions, with an emphasis on the geomorphic systems of North and Central America. Field excursions to selected regions to examine and unify theoretical approaches and field studies.

GEO 247. Electrical Exploration Methods. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): MATH 009A-MATH 009B-MATH 009C, PHYS 040C; or consent of instructor. Study of electrical properties of Earth's materials. Galvanic resistivity methods in a multilayered medium. Potential distribution and interpretation of empirical data. Electrical well logging. Elements of telluric and magneto-telluric sounding.

GEO 249. Field Methods in Quaternary Geology. (4)

Discussion, two hours; laboratory, six hours; three two-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEO 101 or GEO 162A or GEO 162B or consent of instructor. Geologic field problems and associated techniques for reconstructing Quaternary geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic events recorded in the landforms, stratigraphy, and weathering profiles of selected regions. Field techniques include relative and calibrated dating analysis, section measurements, morpho- and lithostratigraphic analysis, and map constructions in fluvial, lacustrine, glacial, coastal, and eolian environments.

GEO 250. Graduate Seminar in Geological Sciences. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate student status. Oral reports by graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars on current research topics in geological sciences. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

GEO 251 (E-Z). Advanced Topics in Paleontology. (3-5)

Seminar, three hours; laboratory, zero to six hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Selected advanced topics from paleontology. Course content will vary from quarter to quarter. Flexible units (3, 4, or 5) allows the instructor to decide whether or not an individual student will be required to take the laboratory. Course is repeatable.

GEO 253. Advanced Topics in Petrology and Geochemistry. (3-5)

Seminar, three hours; laboratory, zero to six hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Selected advanced topics from petrology and geochemistry of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Course content will vary from year to year. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 6 to 10 units.

GEO 255. Advanced Topics in Sedimentary Petrology. (4)

Seminar, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 225A-GEO 225B. Selected advanced topics from sedimentary petrology and physical stratigraphy. Course content will vary from year to year. Course is repeatable.

GEO 257 (E-Z). Advanced Topics in Geophysics. (4)

Seminar, four hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Selected advanced topics from geophysics. Course content will vary from quarter to quarter. Courses are repeatable with separate letter designation.

GEO 259. Tectonics of California. (4)

Lecture, two hours; seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Geological, geophysical, and paleontological bases of interpreting tectonic development of California, with special emphasis on southern California. Interdisciplinary approach will be emphasized. Weekly reading assignments, active participation in discussions, and appropriate field and library research will be required. Participants will prepare two papers and give presentations.

GEO 268. Seminar in Biogeography. (4)

Seminar, two hours; research; six hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 168B or consent of instructor. Topics from Mediterranean ecosystems, fire ecology, naturalization of exotic species, succession and ecosystem steady state theory, mapping of vegetation. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

GEO 283 (E-Z). Seminar in Advanced Topics in Systematic Geography. (4)

Seminar, two hours; research, six hours. Prerequisite(s): GEO 157 or consent of instructor. G. Location Analysis; H. Transportation Geography; I. Quantitative Geography.

GEO 290. Directed Studies. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

GEO 291. Individual Studies in Coordinated Areas. (1-8)

Prerequisite(s): completion of course work for an advanced degree. This is a program of studies designed to advise and assist students in preparing for comprehensive examinations. A student may take up to 8 units prior to the awarding of the M.A.; a student may take up to 16 units prior to the Ph.D. qualifying examinations. Units may not be used as part of the unit requirements for the M.A. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

GEO 297. Directed Research. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Research for individual graduate students. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

GEO 299M (E-Z). Research for Master's Thesis. (1-12)

Research, three hours per unit. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Thesis research. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

GEO 299P. Research for Dissertation. (1-12)

Research, three hours per unit. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Research for dissertation, arranged in consultation with the staff. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

Seminar, one to four hours; practicum, two to eight hours. Prerequisite(s): restricted to those graduate students appointed as Teaching Assistants. Supervised teaching of upper and lower-division courses in Geosciences. Required of all Teaching Assistants. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable for credit but units not applicable toward degree unit requirements.