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Michele R. Salzman, Chair
Department Office, 1212 Humanities and Social Sciences; (909) 787-5401
http://www.ucr.edu/history/history.html

Professors
Kenneth D. Barkin, Ph.D.
Thomas E. Cogswell, Ph.D.
J. Arch Getty, Ph.D.
Ray A. Kea, Ph.D.
Dale V. Kent, Ph.D.
Patricia O'Brien, Ph.D.
Roger L. Ransom, Ph.D.
Norman Ravitch, Ph.D.
Francesca R. Rochberg, Ph.D.
Sharon V. Salinger, Ph.D.
P. Sterling Stuckey, Ph.D.
Ronald C. Tobey, Ph.D.
Clifford E. Trafzer, Ph.D. (History and Ethnic Studies)
Irwin M. Wall, Ph.D.

Professors Emeriti
Hal Bridges, Ph.D.
Carlos E. Cortés, Ph.D.
Edwin S. Gaustad, Ph.D. (History and Religious Studies)
Nathan G. Hale, Jr., Ph.D.
Jacquelyn S. Haywood, Ph.D. (History and Ethnic Studies)
Robert V. Hine, Jr., Ph.D.
James B. Parsons, Jr., Ph.D.
Van L. Perkins, Ph.D.
Henry L. Snyder, Ph.D.
Mack E. Thompson, Ph.D.

Associate Professors
Lynda S. Bell, Ph.D.
Richard Godbeer, Ph.D.
Piotr S. Górecki, Ph.D.
Randolph C. Head, Ph.D.
Rebecca Kugel, Ph.D.
Brian D. Lloyd, Ph.D.
Georg B. Michels, Ph.D.
Robert W. Patch, Ph.D.
Michele R. Salzman, Ph.D.
Devra A. Weber, Ph.D.
Charles Wetherell, Ph.D.

Assistant Professors
James P. Brennan, Ph.D.
Lucille Chia, Ph.D.
Ann E. Goldberg, Ph.D.

Lecturer Emeritus
Robert B. Herschler, M.A.

**

Adjunct Professors
Harry Kelsey, Ph.D.
John W. Twilley, B.S.

Adjunct Associate Professor
Larry E. Burgess, Ph.D.

Adjunct Assistant Professor
Marion L. Mitchell-Wilson, B.S.

Lecturer
Araxie Churukian, M.L.S., M.A.

History plays a central role in general education for all undergraduate students. History stresses an understanding of changes that take place in society over time. It also provides a meaning to the past that has many implications for the future. Since we learn from experience, through history we can greatly broaden our learning through the experience of others, removed in time and distant in space from our immediate world. The study of history is as useful as it is fascinating. History majors develop an ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing, and the capacity to think clearly and analytically. Whatever one's goals, it makes good sense to include history in any degree program.

The History Department offers a Bachelor of Arts degree in History; as well as B.A. degrees in History/Administrative Studies and in History/Law and Society.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

Since history stresses change over time and provides the tools for comprehending better a rapidly changing world, many of those planning graduate work find history an excellent preparation for professional schools such as, law and business administration. For those planning a legal career, a strong background in Western institutions and values can be obtained in a variety of courses in the Department. Those planning a career in public school teaching should be aware that the Department's programs have been officially approved under the Ryan Act for both elementary (multiple-subject) and secondary (single-subject) credential programs which exempts graduates from the statewide examinations required in these fields. And, of course, a major in history prepares the student for graduate study in this field as well as a broad range of general careers in business, government work and foreign affairs that ask for written and verbal skills developed in the major.

HISTORY/ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES MAJOR

The History/Administrative Studies major is designed to combine the discipline of History, with its emphasis on changes in society over time, with the study of administrative behavior, the development of public policy, and the tools of decision making. The addition of an Administrative Studies component provides History majors with analytical administrative skills as well as familiarity with the theories and policies of public administration. The concepts of organizational behavior and decision making, when combined with the perspectives provided through the History major, ought to be of particular value to those planning to enter careers in business; federal, state, or local levels of public or private administration; government work or to those planning to attend a professional school of administration or to those utilizing the major in a variety of positions in the public or private sector. (See also the History graduate program in Historic Resources Management, which outlines public sector careers in History.)

HISTORY/LAW AND SOCIETY MAJOR

The History/Law and Society major is designed to offer students the opportunity to combine the study of history, with its emphasis on the changes over time in society, politics, the economy, and culture, with the study of legal and law-like relationships and institutions. The coherent series of courses included in this major ought to be of particular value to those intending to study law or to enter other graduate fields as well as to those planning professional careers in government, public administration, business, or other areas where the relationship between history and the law is of significance.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

UNIVERSITY REQUIREMENTS

General University requirements are Universitywide requirements which all undergraduates must satisfy. See the Undergraduate Studies section for a complete listing.

COLLEGE REQUIREMENTS

Students must fulfill all breadth requirements of the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. For a detailed list of requirements and a summary of units, see Degree Requirements under College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog.

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS

The History Department offers a Bachelor of Arts degree in History. The Department also offers B.A. degrees in History/Administrative Studies and in History/Law and Society.

HISTORY MAJOR

In order to receive a Bachelor of Arts degree in History, students must take 48 units (12 courses). At least eight units (2 courses) must be at the lower-division level; at least 36 units (9 courses) must be at the upper-division level.

Majors must take:

1.  At least one World History course and at least one other lower-division course

2.  At least four courses in one of the following areas of concentration, including a seminar (HIST 191 E-Z):

  Ancient and MedievalEuropeUnited StatesLatin AmericaAsia and Africa

  Please note that the seminar HIST 191 (E-Z) is required and must be taken in the student's area of concentration.

3.  At least four courses in at least three other of the above fields.

Students who choose United States as their area of concentration are strongly advised to take HIST 017A-HIST 017B as preparation for upper-division courses in American history.

Lower-division courses taken elsewhere may be counted toward the lower-division requirement, and advance placement units earned in high school may count toward its fulfillment as well. Please consult with the Student Affairs Officer for further details.

Each History major is urged to consult with the Student Affairs Officer for quarterly advising and to meet with the Undergraduate Advisor at least one time each year. Appointments can be made through the Student Affairs Officer.

HISTORY/ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES MAJOR

The major requirements for the B.A. degree in History/Administrative Studies are as follows:

1.  Requirements for History (48 units)

All requirements for the B.A. in History

2.  Administrative Studies Requirements (37 units)

• a)  Four lower-division courses (17 units)

• (1)  BSAD 010 and BSAD 020A

• (2)  STAT 048 or equivalent (may be used to satisfy breadth requirements)

• (3)  CS 008 (may be used to satisfy breadth requirements)

• b)  Two upper-division courses (8 units) from the list below:

  • (1)  ECON 102A or ECON 130 or ECON 162/BSAD 162

  • (2)  PSYC 140 or PSYC 142/BSAD 142

  • (3)  SOC 150/BSAD 150 or SOC 151/BSAD 151 or SOC 171

  • (4)  POSC 181 or POSC 182/BSAD 182 or POSC 183

  • (5)  ANTH 127 or ANTH 131

These two courses must be outside the discipline of the cooperating major and cannot be courses included as part of the three-course Business Administration track or their cross-listed equivalents.

• c)  A three-course track (12 units) in Business Administration courses, from one of the following:

  • (1)  Organizations (General): BSAD 105/ANTH 105, BSAD 150/SOC 150, BSAD 151/SOC 151, BSAD 176/SOC 176

  • (2)  Human Resources Management/Labor relations: BSAD 142/PSYC 142, BSAD 152/ECON 152, BSAD 153/ECON 153, BSAD 155, BSAD 157

  • (3)  Business and Society: BSAD 116/PHIL 116, BSAD 161, BSAD 182/POSC 182, BSAD 186/POSC 186

  • (4)  Marketing: BSAD 110, and two from BSAD 112, BSAD 113, BSAD 114, BSAD 117

  • (5)  Managerial Accounting/Taxation: BSAD 163, and two from BSAD 166, BSAD 168A, BSAD 168B

  • (6)  Financial Accounting: BSAD 163, BSAD 165A, BSAD 165B

  • (7)  Finance: BSAD 134/ECON 134 and two from BSAD 135A, BSAD 136, BSAD 137, BSAD 138, BSAD 139

  • (8)  Management Information Systems: BSAD 170, BSAD 171, BSAD 173

  • (9)  Production Management: BSAD 121/STAT 121, and two from BSAD 122, BSAD 126, BSAD 127/STAT 127

Note: In filling the dual requirements of the selected major, students may not count more than two courses toward both parts of their total requirements (History requirements and Administrative Studies requirements).

HISTORY/LAW AND SOCIETY MAJOR

The major requirements for the B.A. degree in History/Law and Society are as follows:

1.  Requirements for History (48 units)All requirements for the B.A. in History

2.  Requirements for Law and Society (36 units)

• a)  PHIL 007 or PHIL 007H

• b)  LWSO 100

• c)  One course chosen from the following list: ECON 111, PSYC 012, SOC 110A (or equivalent course in research methods)

• d)  Five courses chosen from the following list: ANTH 127, ECON 119, HISE 153, PHIL 183, POSC 167, SOC 159, (One of these courses may be replaced by a substitute choice from a list of courses published annually by the Law and Society Faculty Committee. Not more than two of the courses taken to meet this requirement may be from the same department.)

• e)  LWSO 193

Note: in filling the dual requirements of the major, students may not count more than two courses toward both parts of their total requirements (History requirements and Law and Society requirements). The History courses that may fill the dual requirements include HISE 153 (History of the Common Law), and HISA 120A-HISA 120B (The Supreme Court and the Constitution).

MINOR

The History Department also offers a minor in History. In order to receive a minor, students must take 28 units (7 courses), including

1.  At least one World History course and at least one other lower-division course.

2.  At least three courses in one of the following areas of concentration, including a seminar (HIST 191 E-Z):

  Ancient and Medieval EuropeUnited StatesLatin AmericaAsia and AfricaHistory of Science and Technology

  Please note that the seminar HIST 191 (E-Z) is required and must be taken in the student's area of concentration.

3.  At least two courses from two of the above fields, one in each.

Students who choose United States as their area of concentration are strongly advised to take HIST 017A-HIST 017B as preparation for upper-division courses in American history.

Lower-division courses taken elsewhere may be counted toward the lower-division requirement, and advance placement units earned in high school may count toward its fulfillment as well. Please consult with the Student Affairs Officer for further details.

Each History minor is urged to consult with the Student Affairs Officer for quarterly advising and to meet with the Undergraduate Advisor at least one time each year. Appointments can be made through the Student Affairs Officer.

See Minors under the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog for additional information on minors.

RECOMMENDED PRELAW COURSES

The History major has long been considered as an ideal major for students planning to study law since it meets the three goals that law schools recommend for undergraduate applicants:

1. That they achieve an understanding of the development of social, political, and economic institutions
2. That they develop an ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing
3. That they possess the capacity to think clearly and analytically.

The History Department especially recommends the following upper-division courses to prelaw students:

HISE 150, Ancient/Medieval England
HISE 153, History of the Common Law
HISA 120A-HISA 120B, The Supreme Court and the Constitution

EDUCATION ABROAD PROGRAM

The History Department encourages eligible students to participate in the Education Abroad Program (EAP). The EAP is an excellent opportunity to travel and learn more about another country and its culture while taking courses which earn units toward graduation. Because strategy in choosing courses to be taken here and courses to be taken abroad varies depending on personal goals and the country visited, early planning is advised. Consult the departmental Student Affairs Officer for assistance. For further details see Education Abroad Program under International Services Center in the Student Services section of this catalog. A list of participating countries is found under Education Abroad Program in the Curricula and Courses section.

LABORATORY FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH (LHR)

The Laboratory for Historical Research supports quantitative historical research by faculty and students within the department. The facilities of the LHR, which include large microcomputers and terminals networked to the campus' interactive computers, offer students a unique opportunity for quantitative historical work. The LHR's director assists in the preparation and design of research projects which are part of many graduate and undergraduate courses. In combination with the department's offerings in quantitative methods (HIST 235 and HIST 236), the LHR provides a center for extensive training in both the theoretical and practical dimensions of social scientific historical research.

GRADUATE PROGRAM

ADMISSIONS

Applications for admission, due January 5, are normally for the fall quarter only, and the Graduate Division will automatically process all applications for the fall quarter. Under very special circumstances, exceptions may be made for admission in other quarters, after consultation with the graduate advisor. Applications received after January 5 will be considered on May 1 on a space-available basis. Only fully completed applications will receive attention. Scores for the aptitude sections of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) are required of all applicants. If the GRE is taken later than December, admission to the following fall quarter may be impossible. Applicants must submit a writing sample. Students taking the regular M.A. examinations or the Program in Historic Resources Management oral examinations may at that time request to be considered for admission to the doctoral program. They will be rated as recommended, acceptable, or not recommended.

Students entering the Master's degree program choose a faculty advisor from the department faculty within two quarters of commencing their studies. Students entering directly into the Ph.D. program choose a faculty advisor immediately upon entering the program. Students may change faculty advisors as they continue their studies, with the approval of the Graduate Advisor. The Graduate Advisor works closely with each student's faculty advisor in approving the student's course of study.

MASTER'S DEGREE

The Department of History offers two programs of study leading to the master's degree: The Regular Program and the Program in Historic Resources Management. The requirements for admission and courses of study are different for the two programs.

Regular Program (M.A.)

The primary purpose of the M.A. degree at UCR is to prepare the student for research as a professional historian and to further study towards the Ph.D. Students taking the M.A. degree receive training for careers in teaching or other areas such as government service or journalism.

A candidate for the master's degree in the Regular Program must complete a minimum of 40 units of required course work beyond the baccalaureate. This must include

1. At least 12 units of graduate courses related to the candidate's area of specialization (see list below)
2. Four (4) units of either HIST 235 (Materials in Social Science History) or HIST 236 (Quantitative Methods for Historians) or HIST 238A (Oral History) or HIST 250 (New Directions in Historical Research) or HIST 254 (Theory and Method of History)
3. At least 16 units in courses in two general areas of M.A. specialization listed below that are not in the candidate's area of specialization. One area also may be chosen from any Ph.D. field listed below that is outside the candidate's area of specialization. Eight (8) of the units must be at the graduate level. HIST 290 may not be used to fulfill this requirement
4. At least one two-quarter graduate research seminar in the candidate's area of specialization

Candidates should normally complete all course requirements for the master's degree within six quarters.

The candidate is required to demonstrate an ability to read one foreign language. Satisfying the foreign language requirement is a prerequisite for taking the comprehensive oral examination. The requirement can be fulfilled by showing basic proficiency in a departmental examination or by passing a designated language course.

Students who fail the examination in their chosen language four times and fail to pass the designated courses may not advance any further.

M.A. students are expected to take the department qualifying examinations in their field of specialization no later than spring quarter of their second year. The department qualifying examinations are based on course work and reading lists associated with each of the six areas of specialty. Department qualifying examinations are offered in all fields in the fall and spring quarters only.

Students receiving a grade of high pass on the department qualifying examinations are allowed to enter directly into the Ph.D. program without having to complete the master's degree. Students who move directly into the Ph.D. program may obtain an M.A. degree by completing the requirements for the M.A.

Students receiving a grade of pass on the department qualifying examinations are allowed to proceed with work towards a master's degree. Upon completion of their M.A. comprehensive oral examination, students may be admitted into the Ph.D. program upon the recommendation of their oral examination committee and approval by the Graduate Study Committee.

Students who fail the department qualifying examination are allowed to retake the examination; however, they must do so the next time the examinations are offered. Two failures on the department qualifying examination preclude a student from continuing in the graduate program.

Candidates must pass a comprehensive oral examination in their area of specialization to receive the M.A. degree. The candidate must present a substantive research paper for consideration by the examining committee. The research paper is normally developed from work in a research seminar in the candidate's major field of interest. The examining committee will be chaired by the student's faculty advisor and include at least one other faculty member chosen by the candidate and approved by the Graduate Study Committee. The oral examination committee makes a recommendation to the Graduate Study Committee as to whether the candidate should be allowed to enter the Ph.D. program. The Graduate Study Committee makes the final determination whether the student is allowed to proceed to the Ph.D. program.

The comprehensive oral examination is normally completed within three quarters following the department qualifying examinations. Students who fail the comprehensive oral examination are allowed to retake the examination only once. They are expected to do so within two quarters following the term of their first attempt at the comprehensive oral examination.

The department offers six general areas of specialization: United States; Europe, 1400-1815; Europe, 1789-present; Latin America; England; and Russia. Within the United States area of specialization there are several subspecialties in which the student is expected to develop a research paper.

1.  United States

  Students specializing in the United States must complete HIST 201A, HIST 201B, and HIST 201C. They are also encouraged to take HIST 230. Candidates in United States history may select their advanced work from the following fields and related seminars:

Early America, 1607-1800: HIST 272A-HIST 272B

Nineteenth-Century United States, 1800-1896: HIST 274A-HIST 274B

Twentieth-Century United States, 1896-present: HIST 275A-HIST 275B

2.  Europe, 1400-1815

  Students specializing in Europe, 1400-1815, must take 8 units from HIST 202C and HIST 202D, plus a minimum of 4 additional units of either HIST 202E or HIST 202F or HIST 202G or HIST 205A or HIST 205B or HIST 209A or HIST 209B. They must also take HIST 253A-HIST 253B, the seminar in early modern European history.

3.  Europe, 1789-present

  Students specializing in Europe, 1789-present, must take 8 units from HIST 202E or HIST 202F or HIST 202G, plus a minimum of 4 units of from HIST 202C or HIST 202D or HIST 205A or HIST 205B or HIST 209A or HIST 209B. They must also take HIST 258A-HIST 258B, the seminar in modern European history.

4.  Latin America

  Students specializing in Latin America must take at least 12 units of graduate courses related to their specialty, including HIST 206A and HIST 206B. They must also take HIST 285A-HIST 285B, the seminar in Latin American history.

5.  England

  Students specializing in England must take 12 units of graduate courses related to their specialty, including HIST 205A and HIST 205B. They must also take HIST 256A-HIST 256B, the seminar in English history.

6.  Russia, 1801-present

  Students specializing in Russia must take 12 units of graduate courses related to their specialty, including HIST 209A and HIST 209B. They must also take HIST 255A-HIST 255B, the seminar in Russian history.

Program in Historic Resources Management (M.A.)

This program provides education in history as well as technical training for historical careers in archives, historic preservation, museums, and other positions in the public sector.

Applicants for admission to the program normally must have the Bachelor of Arts in History. The program accepts applicants having the B.A. in Anthropology, Art History, Political Science, or Sociology, provided that these applicants can demonstrate a satisfactory knowledge of history.

The Program in Historic Resources Management student prepares in three areas:

1. An historical field, in which the student is trained in academic research and historiography
2. A professional specialty--archival management, historic preservation, or museum curatorship
3. A subspecialty, consisting of courses taken outside the department related to the professional specialty

A candidate for the master's degree in this program must complete a minimum of 36 units of graduate and upper-division undergraduate units as follows:

1. One graduate history two-quarter research seminar
2. Two courses from any History courses numbered 200-250
3. One course from HIST 260, HIST 262, HIST 263, chosen according to the student's subspecialty (The accompanying practicum must also be taken if offered.)
4.  Two upper-division undergraduate or graduate courses outside the Department in subjects related to the subspecialty (from a list prepared by the program committee or with the Graduate Advisor's approval)
5. Two additional upper-division undergraduate or graduate courses either in History or in another department in subjects relating to the subspecialty, chosen in consultation with the Graduate Advisor

All students must take HIST 398-I and HIST 402, which do not count in fulfilling the 36-unit requirement, followed by HIST 290.

The candidate is required to take a ten-week internship, coincident with an academic quarter or summer session, at a cooperating institution, for training, under professional supervision, in a field of the candidate's choice. Internships are regularly offered at the Riverside Municipal Museum; the Riverside County Department of Parks--Office of the Historical Specialist; the San Bernardino County Museum; Colonial Williamsburg; and the Smithsonian Institute. The internship is registered with a History Department faculty advisor as HIST 398-I.

The internship requires writing a field report.

When the candidate's advisor and the Historic Resources Management Committee judge that an additional skill, particularly in the subspecialty, is needed, then a defined level of competency in that skill is required for the degree.

The candidate must pass an oral examination comprised of two parts, one part on the field-report-in-progress and a second part on the relevant elements of the candidate's field of history and the content of the subspecialty.

The committee on Historic Resources Management oversees the Program in Historic Resources Management for the M.A. and coordinates Program activities and departmental relations with historical societies, preservationist groups, local government organizations, museums, and archives.

Students in the Historic Resources Management Program who wish to continue on for the doctorate at UCR are eligible for the Ph.D. program on a case by case basis.

DOCTORAL DEGREE

The M.A. degree in History is not a prerequisite for admission to the doctoral program. Students not holding an M.A. degree in History and passing the department qualifying examination with a grade of high pass in one area of specialization are admitted to the Ph.D. program. Students with an advanced degree in a field closely related to History and involving significant study of history, such as American Studies, Latin American Studies, or Russian Studies, are reviewed by the Graduate Study Committee on a case-by-case basis to determine if the student should be exempted from taking the department qualifying examination and be admitted directly into the Ph.D. program. Students with only a B.A. degree enter the M.A. program, even if their ultimate degree objective is the Ph.D.

Students in the Ph.D. program must prepare in three fields: a research field, a complementary field, and a teaching field. The research field must be chosen from the list of research fields below. The complementary and teaching fields shall be chosen from either the research fields or the additional fields below. Students will be examined in the research and complementary fields by both written and oral examinations. Students will prepare for the teaching field by completing at least 12 hours of relevant courses, with at least 8 hours at the graduate level, including at least one relevant Materials course from the sequence HIST 201-209. HIST 290 may not be used towards this requirement. Students must also complete HIST 301.

In special cases, the student may petition to replace the complementary field with a custom field designed by the student in consultation with two faculty members who agree to administer the written examinations in that field. Students may not take three fields that deal exclusively with the same country or region. Students normally take their Ph.D. qualifying examinations and complete their teaching field coursework no later than the seventh quarter following admission into the Ph.D. program.

Students must complete the materials courses in their research and complementary fields, before attempting the examinations. Written examinations are offered in fall, winter, and spring quarters. A student may take written examinations separately in their research and complementary fields and may schedule the oral examination immediately after successfully completing their written examinations and their teaching field courses.

The committee for the oral examination, chaired by the student's faculty advisor, shall consist of five faculty members, or six where appropriate, nominated by the department and appointed by the Graduate Dean.

Research Fields:
Early America, 1607-1800
Nineteenth-Century United States, 1800-1896
Twentieth-Century United States, 1896-present
Native American History
Early Modern Europe
Europe, 1789-present
England, 1485-present
Russia, 1801-present
Latin America, 1492-1810
Latin America, 1810-present

Additional Fields:
England, 1485-1820
England, 1760-present
Social Science History
Women in Culture and Society
Comparative World History
Early Modern World History

Every student in the doctoral program must demonstrate a proficiency in at least one foreign language equivalent to that required for the M.A. degree. Requirements successfully passed in a particular language while in the M.A. program may be counted towards meeting some requirements in the doctoral program. Specific additional language requirements for the doctoral program will depend on the students' research fields; students may need to show research proficiency in a language for the Ph.D., even if they showed basic proficiency in that language for the M.A. Consult the Department of History for the language requirements in each research field.

Candidates must pass all foreign language requirements before taking their Ph.D. research field written examinations, but the candidates may take the Ph.D. complementary field written examinations before completing their foreign language requirements. They may take the departmental examination in any one language not more than four times. Continued failure to make progress in required foreign language(s) may be cause for termination from the program. Some seminars involve the use of a foreign language.

Doctoral students should normally take at least two, two-quarter research seminars on the UCR campus, at least one of which must be taken after the M.A. has been granted or the student has successfully passed the department qualifying examination. If they have taken an M.A. seminar in this department or if they have written an M.A. thesis in a field of specialization, that is normally accepted for one of the two required seminars. Doctoral students must complete 8 hours of courses on historical theory and methods. Four of these hours must be chosen from HIST 235 (Materials in Social Science History); HIST 236 (Quantitative Methods for Historians); HIST 238A (Oral History); HIST 250 (New Directions in Historical Research); or HIST 254 (Theory and Method of History). The additional four hours may also be chosen from these courses, or may consist of a course outside the department that is approved by the Graduate Advisor.

The student must submit to the Graduate Study Committee a dissertation proposal approved by the student's faculty advisor, who is the chair of the dissertation committee, by the end of the next academic quarter after the student has been advanced to candidacy. See departmental guidelines for proposal requirements.

The candidate must submit an acceptable dissertation and pass a final oral examination. The dissertation, which must demonstrate scholarly, original, and independent investigation, is on a subject the student has chosen from the research field with the advice and approval of the dissertation committee. The final oral examination deals primarily with the relation of the dissertation to the general field in which it lies.

The normative time to the Ph.D. degree, including M.A. work, is 17 quarters.

For further information write to Graduate Advisor, Department of History, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521-0204.

HIST 001. The Historian as Detective. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. HIST 001 is designed to acquaint students with several approaches to the methods and processes historians use to reach conclusions about the past. Students will have the opportunity to work creatively with historical materials and become the historian as detective. These methods will be introduced with varying topics to be listed in the Schedule of Classes. May be repeated.

HIST 004. Introduction to Chicano History. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. The historical heritage of the Chicano from Spanish and Indian origins to the Chicano movement, with emphasis on the period since 1845. Cross-listed with ETST 004.

HIST 010. World History: Prehistory to 1500. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. A comparative introduction to the development of cultures in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Topics covered are the origins of world civilizations; the classical world, or bronze age, from a global perspective; and the evolution of complex political systems throughout the medieval world. Includes a comparative discussion of world religions, West and East. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 010 or HIST 010H.

HIST 010H. Honors World History: Prehistory to 1500. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to HIST 010. A comparative introduction to the development of cultures in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Topics covered are the origins of world civilizations; the classical world, or bronze age, from a global perspective; and the evolution of complex political systems throughout the medieval world. Includes a comparative discussion of world religions, West and East. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 010 or HIST 010H.

HIST 015. World History: 1500 to 1900. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. Emphasis on the unique characteristics of world cultures as they entered into a critical period of increasing interaction, a process that led to the shaping of the modern world order. Specific themes include religious, economic, and political revolution; the development of modern science; continuity and change in agrarian societies; industrialism; imperialism; and changes in the patterns of everyday life. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 015 or HIST 015H.

HIST 015H. Honors World History: 1500 to 1900. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to HIST 015. Emphasis on the unique characteristics of world cultures as they entered into a critical period of increasing interaction, a process that led to the shaping of the modern world order. Specific themes include religious, economic, and political revolution; the development of modern science; continuity and change in agrarian societies; industrialism; imperialism; and changes in the patterns of everyday life. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 015 or HIST 015H.

HIST 017A-HIST 017B. Introduction to United States History. (4-4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to the major themes and issues in the history of the United States from colonialization to the present. 017A: from the colonial period to the middle of the nineteenth century; 017B: from the middle of the nineteenth century to the present.

HIST 020. World History: Twentieth Century. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to world cultures, political systems, war, and revolution in the twentieth century. Topics include the rise and fall of the superpowers, colonization and decolonization, boom and bust, fascism and communism, world wars, and contemporary history. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 020 or HIST 020H.

HIST 020H. Honors World History: Twentieth Century. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to HIST 020. An introduction to world cultures, political systems, war, and revolution in the twentieth century. Topics include the rise and fall of the superpowers, colonization and decolonization, boom and bust, fascism and communism, world wars, and contemporary history. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of HIST 020 or HIST 020H.

HIST 025. The Ancient Mediterranean. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. Surveys the political history of the ancient Mediterranean world from the Bronze Age (3000 B.C.) to the beginning of the Common era. Focuses on the Near East (Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, Egypt, Israel, Persia), Greece, and Rome. Provides a coherent background for advanced study in ancient Near Eastern, biblical, or classical history.

HIST 026. Civilization before Greece and Rome. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to the history of the ancient Near East, focusing on Mesopotamia and Egypt, but also including the Syro-Palestinian, Anatolian, and Aegean regions. Covers the history and culture of the world from circa 3000 to 300 B.C. that formed the backdrop to the Hebrew Bible and the Homeric epic tradition. Provides a background for further study of the ancient Mediterranean, Near Eastern, or biblical worlds.

HIST 030. Themes and Personalities in History. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Enduring themes and great personalities in the history of man selected from Western and non-Western traditions. Concentration will be on particular subtopics to be announced in the Schedule of Classes.

HIST 033. Witchcraft in Colonial America. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. Introduces the history of witchcraft beliefs and witch-hunting in colonial America. Explores witchcraft in its many dimensions: religious, cultural, psychological, political, legal, social, and economic. Students read original documents and study recent scholarly interpretations of early American events and attitudes.

HIST 035. History of North American Indians, 1491 to 1840. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An examination of North American Indian history from 1491 through the Removal Era, highlighting the experiences of selected representative Native groups. Special attention given to the importance of viewing historical events from the perspective of Native Americans.

HIST 036. History of North American Indians, 1840-present. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. Examines North American Indian history from the Removal Era to the present, focusing on the experiences of representative native groups. The effects of government policies on Indian peoples are assessed and issues of current concern to Indian communities are highlighted. Special effort is made to view historical events from an Indian perspective.

HIST 038. The Maya from Ancient to Modern Times. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Examination of the Maya of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras from the rise of civilization to the present day. Topics to be discussed include the nature of Maya civilization; the Preclassic, Classic, and Postclassic Maya; the Spanish conquest; the Maya under Spanish colonialism; the impact of liberal policies in the nineteenth century; revolution and repression in the twentieth century. Videos and slides used to illustrate important themes and concepts.

HIST 044. Gods, Ghosts, and Grandparents. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Considers some of the different ways the Chinese regarded--and still regard--gods, ghosts, and ancestors. Nearly all the readings are primary sources spanning almost four thousand years of Chinese history and include texts on oracle bones, philosophical arguments for and against the existence of spirits, tomb contracts for the dead, a sutra promoting the goddess Guanyin as Giver of Sons, ghost stories, and eyewitness accounts of funeral rituals. Cross-listed with RLST 044.

HIST 045 (E-Z). Topics in Asian History. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to regional histories and cultures of Asia. E. Premodern China and Japan; F. Contemporary China; G. India in the Western Imagination. Cross-listed with AST 045 (E-Z).

HIST 060. Years of Protest: America, 1960-1975. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. A close examination of the intellectual and cultural trends in the period from 1960-1975, with emphasis on the rise of the New Left, the Counterculture and the growing militancy of Blacks, Native Americans, Chicanos, and women.

HIST 061. Martin Luther King, Jr. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ETST 001, HIST 060, or consent of instructor. A study of the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. with emphasis on the civil rights campaigns he led in the period, 1955-1968, and on the social and political philosophies he taught and espoused. Cross-listed with ETST 061.

HIST 075. Introduction to Latin America. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. The historical heritage of Latin America from its Indian, Spanish, and African origins to the present, including the related Latino experience in the United States. Contemporary and historical themes will range from poverty, revolution, race relations, and imperialism to music, art, sports, popular culture, and social mores.

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor; HIST 180 and HIST 181 are recommended. Examines the history of China from the Opium War to the early Communist period (1842-1960). The emphasis is on reaction to the Western impact and modernization.

HIST 189. Modern Jewish History. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of Jewish history in Europe and America since the emancipation of the Jews during the French Revolution. Topics include assimilation, the rise of anti-Semitism, the Jews and socialism and cultural modernism, Jewish life in Europe and America, emigration, the Holocaust, Zionism, and the establishment of Israel.

HIST 190. Special Studies. (1-5)

To be taken with the consent of the chair of the department to meet special curricular problems. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 16 units.

HIST 191 (E-Z). Seminar in History. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or upper-division course in the period or subject matter of the topic, or consent of instructor. A substantial research paper or project, the result of carefully guided independent work, is required (students may continue and expand papers or projects into a quarter of directed research by enrolling in HIST 199). E. Medieval History; F. Renaissance and Reformation; G. Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Europe; I. Nineteenth-Century Europe; J. Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century England; K. Twentieth-Century Europe; L. Modern Russia; M. European Thought and Culture; P. Colonial American History; Q. Nineteenth-Century American History; R. The American West; S. Twentieth-Century American History; T. American Thought and Culture; U. Colonial and Nineteenth-Century Latin America; V. Recent Latin America; W. Chinese History; X. Mass Media; Y. African History; Z. Ancient History; EE. Mexican Migration to the United States. Course is repeatable.

HIST 198-I. Individual Internship in History. (1-12)

Laboratory, four to thirty-six hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor and upper-division standing. Individual interns will learn about the policies and operations, present and past, of cooperating agencies, such as museums, archives, professional associations, clinics, hospitals, churches, businesses. Students will become familiar with the on-going operations of these organizations and will research and write their histories under faculty supervision. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 16 units.

HIST 199. Senior Research. (1-4)

Individual research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): a segment of HIST 191 (E-Z); not open to students in the University Honors Program. The student works individually with the instructor to continue and expand a research paper or project begun in a HIST 191 (E-Z) segment. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 199H. Senior Honors Research. (1-5)

Outside research, three to fifteen hours. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Offers the opportunity for directed research at an honors level. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.

HIST 250. New Directions in Historical Research. (4)

Seminar, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Frontiers of research in major historical periods. The coordinator and guest professors will discuss the methods and kinds of research which are most fruitful in his or her particular specialty.

HIST 252. Materials Supplement. (4)

Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite(s): any course in 201-206 series. Designed as a supplement to program of readings covered in materials courses; additional works are to be drawn from reading lists for M.A. comprehensive examinations. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

HIST 253A-HIST 253B. Seminar in Renaissance and Reformation History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Seminar in Renaissance and Reformation History. Graded "In Progress" (IP) until both terms are completed, when a final letter grade is assigned. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 254. Theory and Method of History. (4)

Seminar, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. A study of the evolution of the discipline of history, leading to an exploration of the theories, philosophy, and methods of historical explanation, as distinct from other disciplinary approaches to the understanding of men and women and societies.

HIST 255A-HIST 255B. Seminar in Modern Russia. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): UC Riverside graduate standing and consent of one of the UC Riverside instructors. A research seminar on modern Russian history (1801 to present). Topics include, but are not limited to, social history, labor, ideology, politics, and revolutions from the Imperial and/or Soviet periods. An intercampus course taught jointly by faculty from UC Riverside, Irvine, San Diego, and Los Angeles. Graded In Progress (IP) until both terms are completed, when a final grade is assigned. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 256A-HIST 256B. Seminar in English History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and HISE 151, HISE 152, or equivalents. A seminar on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English history with primary emphasis on the historical literature within the field. Graded In Progress (IP) until both terms are completed, when a final grade is assigned. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 258A-HIST 258B. Seminar in Modern European History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 260. Historic Preservation. (4)

Seminar, three hours; conference, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Public policy and instruments of historic preservation in the urban setting.

HIST 260L. Preservation Conservation Practicum. (2)

Research, six hours. Prerequisite(s): HIST 260, and/or HIST 261. Supervised training in the National Register nomination process and in development of the conservation management plan, with independent research projects in either conservation or preservation.

HIST 261. Conservation Science and Historical Objects. (4)

Seminar, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Principles and methods of conservation science related to historical artifacts; introduction to conservation practice in selected categories of objects; seminar and laboratory.

HIST 262. Museum Research and Interpretation. (4)

Seminar, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Principles and methods of historical research in material culture; museum interpretation of artifacts; general orientation to the role of the historical curator.

HIST 262L. Museum Interpretation Practicum. (2)

Research, two hours. Prerequisite(s): concurrent enrollment in HIST 262. Supervised research and interpretation in a museum; intended to accompany HIST 262.

HIST 263. Archival Management. (4)

Seminar, three hours; research, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Theory and practice of archival management; history of archives; professional ethics.

HIST 263L. Archival Management Practicum. (3)

Research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): HIST 263. Supervised research and administrative experience in an archive; intended to follow HIST 263.

HIST 272A-HIST 272B. Seminar in American Colonial and Early National History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 274A-HIST 274B. Seminar in Nineteenth Century United States History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 275A-HIST 275B. Seminar in Twentieth Century United States History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 276A-HIST 276B. Seminar in Native American History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. An in-depth study of Native American historical research, exploring philosophy, methodology, historiography, and sources relative to American Indians. Students study a variety of sources and documents, compile an annotated bibliography, conceptualize and design a research project, and present findings through an original historical paper. Graded In Progress (IP) until both quarters are completed, at which time a final grade is assigned. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 277. Approaches to Early Modern World History. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Study of selected historical themes, such as labor, gender, migration, cultural contact, and colonial systems, in an early modern context. Focuses on regional studies and issues of global connection in the early modern period. Intensive discussions of current scholarship in the given field. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 12 units with permission of advisor.

HIST 285A-HIST 285B. Seminar in Latin American History. (4-4)

Seminar, three hours; research, three hours. Each course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

HIST 290. Directed Studies. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): consent of the chair of the department. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

HIST 291. Individual Study in History. (1-12)

A program of study designed to advise and assist graduate candidates who are preparing for examinations. Does not count toward the unit requirement for the Masters degree. Course to be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

HIST 292. Concurrent Analytical Studies. (1-4)

Research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Taken concurrently with some 100-series course, but on an individual basis. Devoted to completion of a graduate paper based on research or criticism related to the 100-series course, the program of study is worked out with the instructor. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated.

HIST 297. Directed Research. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Individualized graduate student research under the sponsorship of specific faculty members, in topics other than the student's dissertation. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for up to 8 units.

HIST 299. Research for Thesis or Dissertation. (1-12)

Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for up to 8 units.