The Minor in Botany/Plant Sciences allows students majoring in other departments to obtain in-depth training in Botany/Plant Sciences.

Requirements for the Minor in Botany/Plant Sciences are as follows:

1. BIOL 104/BPSC 104 (4 units)
2. One course (4 units) from the following: BIOL 132/BPSC 132, BIOL 138/BPSC 138, BIOL 143/BPSC 143
3. Twelve (12) to 20 units from the following: ANTH 170/BPSC 170, BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC 153, BCH 185/BPSC 185, BIOL 132/BPSC 132, BIOL 138/BPSC 138, BIOL 143/BPSC 143, BIOL 155/BPSC 155, BIOL 165/BPSC 165, BPSC 135, BPSC 144, BPSC 146, BPSC 148, BPSC 150, BPSC 158, BPSC 166, BPSC 190, BPSC 197, BPSC 199

Note No more than 4 units of BPSC 190-199 may be used to fulfill this requirement. The course used to fulfill the requirement in 2. cannot also be used to fulfill the requirement in 3.

See Minors under the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Undergraduate Studies section of this catalog for additional information on minors.

GRADUATE PROGRAM

The Department of Botany and Plant Sciences offers programs leading to the M.S. degree in Botany or Plant Science, and to the Ph.D. degree in Plant Biology or Plant Biology (Plant Genetics).

Applicants who have a baccalaureate degree and who satisfy the general requirements of the university listed in the Graduate Studies section of this catalog are considered for admission to graduate status. Graduate Record Examination scores (verbal, quantitative, and analytical) must be submitted to the department for admission to the Ph.D. program; also, domestic applicants to the M.S. programs are required to submit these scores.

Regardless of the area of their major for the baccalaureate degree, students are expected to have had, or complete soon after entering graduate school, a year course in general biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physics; mathematics through integral calculus; and a course in genetics, biochemistry, and statistics. Credit from these courses does not count toward the graduate degree. See additional requirements in doctoral degree section.

Each student should consult with the graduate advisor regarding educational goals and scheduling. When an area of specialization has been determined, a faculty advisor who provides further counsel in outlining the student's program may be assigned.

Master's Degree

The master's degree may be earned under Plan I (Thesis) or Plan II (Comprehensive Examination). Students must meet all general requirements of the Graduate Division. The detailed course program is determined by the guidance committee after considering the specific interests of the student. Department requirements are as follows:

Plan I (Thesis)

1. Three courses from Section I of either the Botany or the Plant Science M.S. list
2. Two courses from Section II. In fulfilling the Section II requirement, students may use no more than one course cross-listed by Botany and Plant Sciences and another program. If such a cross-listed course is used toward fulfilling the Section II requirement, the same course may not be used toward fulfilling the Section I or III requirements.
3. At least 6 units from Section III of either the Botany or Plant Science M.S. list
4. Preparation of a thesis (not more than 12 units from Section V may apply toward the degree)

If the student takes research courses from Section IV, not more than 6 units may be applied toward the degree. Students who have taken courses comparable to those in Section I during their baccalaureate training may have a portion or all of this section waived. In such instances, however, it is expected that their programs include increased units in courses from Sections II, III, and/or IV. Recommendations for waivers should specify alternative courses and should be sent to the department educational advisory committee for approval.

Plan II (Comprehensive Examination)

1. Three courses from Section I of either the Botany or Plant Science M.S. list
2. Two courses from Section II. In fulfilling the Section II requirement, students may use no more than one course cross-listed by Botany and Plant Sciences and another program. If such a cross-listed course is used toward fulfilling the Section II requirement, the same course may not be used toward fulfilling the Section I or III requirements.
3. At least 12 units from Section III of either the Botany or Plant Science M.S. list
4. At least 6 units from Section IV for a research project or literature review, which should be described in a report to be submitted for evaluation by the comprehensive examination committee
5. Comprehensive written and oral examinations

Students who have taken courses comparable to those in Section I during their baccalaureate training may have a portion or all of this section waived. In such instances, however, it is expected that their programs include increased units in courses from Section II and/or III. Recommendations for waivers should specify alternative courses and should be sent to the educational advisory committee for approval.

Seminar Requirement All full-time students in residence in the M.S. program must enroll in the BPSC 250 and BPSC 260 seminars during each quarter in which they are offered. Part-time students must take one BPSC 250 and one BPSC 260 seminar for every 12 units of courses. Students may enroll in an equivalent seminar course as a replacement for the BPSC 260 seminar. All students must present at least one seminar and complete at least two quarters of BPSC 240 (or equivalent) during the master's program.

Courses available for fulfilling the requirement for the M.S. degree:

Section I -- Upper-division undergraduate courses:

Botany M.S. ANTH 170/BPSC 170, BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC 153, BCH 185/BPSC 185, BIOL 104/BPSC 104, BIOL 120/MCBL 120/PLPA 120, BIOL 132/BPSC 132, BIOL 138/BPSC 138, BIOL 143/BPSC 143, BIOL 155/BPSC 155, BIOL 165/BPSC 165, BPSC 135, BPSC 144, BPSC 146, BPSC 148, CBNS 111

Plant Science M.S. BIOL 104/BPSC 104, BIOL 143/BPSC 143, BPSC 148, BPSC 150, BPSC 158, BPSC 166

Section II -- Graduate and upper-division undergraduate courses in related departments or programs: applicable courses are determined by the Educational Advisory Committee and require approval of the graduate advisor.

Section III --

Botany M.S. BCH 231/BPSC 231, BIOL 232/BPSC 232, BPSC 201 (for a maximum of 2 units), BPSC 230L, BPSC 233, BPSC 237, BPSC 239, BPSC 240 (only if taken in addition to the required seminar units; see seminar requirement), BPSC 243

Plant Science M.S. BCH 231/BPSC 231, BIOL 232/BPSC 232, BPSC 201 (for a maximum of 2 units), BPSC 220, BPSC 221, BPSC 222, BPSC 230L, BPSC 233, BPSC 237, BPSC 239, BPSC 240 (only if taken in addition to the required seminar units; see seminar requirement), BPSC 243

Section IV -- Research courses: BPSC 290 and BPSC 297

Section V -- Thesis research: BPSC 299, Thesis for Plan I

Normative Time to Degree 7 quarters

Doctoral Degree

The student must meet the general requirements of the Graduate Division. Either prior to entering the graduate program or before advancement to candidacy, students must have completed the equivalent of BPSC 104 and one other course from the core plant biology courses (BIOL 107A, BPSC 132, BPSC 135, BPSC 138, BPSC 143, BPSC 146). Course requirements for each student are determined by individual guidance committees and by the educational advisory committee. During the first quarter in residence, students meet with a guidance committee to choose an area of specialization in Plant Biology or Plant Biology (Plant Genetics) and two minor areas.

Course Work Guidance committees and students should design individual course programs that meet the specific needs of the student and the requirements of the Ph.D. program. Course programs should prepare students for the qualifying examination and dissertation research. Students are required to take a minimum of three graduate-level courses relevant to the specialization. Graduate courses taken previously may be considered towards fulfilling this requirement. Students' course programs must be approved by the educational advisory committee. At the time of submission of course programs to the educational advisory committee, the area of specialization and two minor areas to be covered on the qualifying examination should be specified. Students may petition to change the course program, area of specialization, or minor areas at any time.

Ph.D. in Plant Biology (Concentration in Plant Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology)

In addition to all other department requirements, students must complete the following to earn the concentration in Plant Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology (appears on the transcript only):

1. BPSC 231, BPSC 232, BPSC 237
2. One 240 course related to the concentration

Qualifying Examination Advancement to candidacy depends on the student passing a written and oral qualifying examination. The qualifying examination covers the student's area of specialization and two minor areas. Granting of the degree is contingent upon acceptance of the dissertation by the candidate's dissertation committee and satisfactory oral defense of the dissertation.

Seminar Requirement All candidates must enroll in the BPSC 250 and BPSC 260 seminars during each quarter in which they are offered. Students may enroll in an equivalent seminar course as a replacement for BPSC 260. Also, students must present at least one BPSC 250 seminar in addition to the defense of the dissertation. The dissertation defense is normally presented in the BPSC 250 seminar series; however, if necessary, a special seminar may be scheduled for the defense. All students must complete at least two quarters of BPSC 240 (or approved similar equivalent that involves substantial student presentations) during the Ph.D. program.

Foreign Language Requirement None

Teaching Requirement Students must obtain at least one quarter of teaching experience.

Normative Time to Degree 15 quarters

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction for nonscience and non-Botany majors to the importance of plants and plant products in the shaping of human affairs and civilization. Covers the origin and practice of agriculture; the utilization of plant products; the latest agricultural advances, including genetic engineering; and the current agricultural and social issues. Plants and plant products are examined during class demonstrations and exercises. Huang

BPSC 031. Spring Wildflowers. (4) S.

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours; one Saturday field trip. Prerequisite(s): none. General approach to the study of vegetative and floral features of plants as a means of identification and botanical classification of major plant families in Southern California. Secondary emphasis on the field biology of flowering plants.

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B. A study of the plant world from cells to ecosystems. Examines the structure and function of organisms from the major plant groups and their role in the biosphere. The laboratory explores the unique properties of plants. Cross-listed with BIOL 104.

BPSC 112. Systematics. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C or equivalent. Principles and philosophy of classification. Topics include phylogenetic and phenetic methods, species concepts, taxonomic characters, evolution, hierarchy of categories, and nomenclature. Cross-listed with BIOL 112 and ENTM 112. Heraty, Kim

BPSC 132. Plant Anatomy. (5) F

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B, or consent of instructor. Functional and developmental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ structure. All aspects of the flowering plant life cycle are covered from germination to pollination and fruit and seed development. Cross-listed with BIOL 132. DeMason

BPSC 134. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 104/BPSC 104, ENSC 100; or consent of instructor. A study of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils and their influence on plant growth and development. Topics include soil-plant water relations; fundamentals of plant mineral nutrition; soil nutrient pools and cycles; soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, and sodicity; root symbioses and rhizosphere processes. Cross-listed with ENSC 134 and SWSC 134.

BPSC 135. Plant Cell Biology. (3) W

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BCH 100 or BCH 110C; or consent of instructor. Explores concepts of dynamic plant cell structures and functions as revealed by modern technologies such as genetic manipulation and live-imaging of cellular structures and molecules. Yang

BPSC 138. Morphology of Vascular Plants. (4) S

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently), BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. Investigates the comparative morphology and evolution of vascular plants from the viewpoint of fossil and living representatives, with a focus on the Angiosperms. Cross-listed with BIOL 138.

BPSC 143. Plant Physiology. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently), BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. A survey of the fundamental principles of plant physiology, including photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, mineral nutrition, growth, morphogenesis, plant hormones, dormancy, and senescence. Cross-listed with BIOL 143. Madore

BPSC 144. Biosystematics. (4) S,Even Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C or consent of instructor. Discussion of the nature and causes of plant variation within and among species and the experimental methods used to gather such information. Topics include the integration of data with evolutionary hypotheses to determine taxonomic and evolutionary relationships among plant species.

BPSC 146. Plant Ecology. (4) F,Odd Years

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently), BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. A study of the fundamentals of plant ecology emphasizing community ecology, environment, life histories, population dynamics, species interactions, succession, disturbance, and special topics in applied ecology. Holt

BPSC 148. Quantitative Genetics. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102; STAT 100B or STAT 120A; or consent of instructor. Examines approaches to studying the genetic basis of polygenic, metric traits. Topics include types of gene action, partitioning of variance, response to selection, and inferring the number and location of quantitative trait loci. Xu

BPSC 150. Principles of Plant Breeding. (4) W, Even Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102; STAT 100A or STAT 120A recommended. Application of the principles of classical, quantitative, and molecular genetics to the development of improved cultivars of crop plants.

BPSC 153. Plant Biotechnology. (4) F, Odd Years

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour;laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; upper-division standing; consent of instructor. A study of modern techniques in plant genome modification. Topics include nucleic acid cloning and sequencing, plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, controlled-environment plant growth, gene mapping, and germplasm collections. Also explores the history of plant biotechnology; economic, agricultural, nutritional, medicinal, and societal relevance; and regulatory issues. Cross-listed with BCH 153 and BIOL 153. Credit is awarded for only one of BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC153 or BIOL 109. Close

BPSC 155. Chromosomes. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. An examination of the structure, function, and behavior of eukaryotic chromosomes. Cross-listed with BIOL 155. Lukaszewski

BPSC 158. Subtropical and Tropical Horticulture. (4) F,Even Years

Lecture, four hours; occasional field trips. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 104/BPSC 104, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC; or consent of instructor. Studies the important subtropical and tropical crops of the world, emphasizing fruits, including citrus and avocado, with special reference to their botany, germplasm resources, climatic adaptation, and culture. Waines

BPSC 165. Restoration Ecology. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; two one-day field trips; three half-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C, BIOL 117, CHEM 112C, STAT 020 or STAT 100A (STAT 020 or STAT 100A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. BIOL 102 is recommended. An examination of the basic ecological principles related to land restoration. Topics include enhanced succession, plant establishment, plant adaptations, ecotypes, weed colonization and competition, nutrient cycling, functions and reintroduction of soil microorganisms, restoration for wildlife, and the determination of successful restoration. Includes field trips to restored sites. Cross-listed with BIOL 165. Allen

BPSC 166. Environmental Plant Physiology. (4)

Lecture, three hours, discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 104/BPSC 104, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC; or consent of instructor. Topics include plant responses to light, temperature, evaporative demand, and limiting soil conditions. Explores photosynthesis, plant-water relations, and plant-temperature relations. Gives attention to plant adaptation to climates with varying aridity and temperature extremes.

BPSC 170. Ethnobotany. (4) S

Lecture, two hours; seminar, one hour; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 104/BPSC 104 or consent of instructor. Introduces students to ethnobotanical research by reviewing selected ethnobotanical studies. Topics covered by lectures include fundamental principles of ethnobotany, the search for new medicines and other products made from plants, the role of humans in plant evolution, and the impact of plants on human cultures. Discussions focus on the past and present role of humans in plant conservation and the search for sustainable management practices in agriculture and forestry. Seminars by invited guests and enrolled students present selected topics in ethnobotany. Cross-listed with ANTH 170. Gómez-Pompa

BPSC 185. Molecular Evolution. (4) S, Odd Years

Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; BIOL 108 recommended. Explores the evolution of genes, proteins, and genomes at the molecular level. Focuses on the processes that drive molecular evolutionary change. Attention also given to the analysis of molecular data within the framework of evolutionary theory. Cross-listed with BCH 185. Clegg, Dugaiczyk

BPSC 190. Special Studies. (1-5) F,W,S

Variable hours. Library, laboratory or field work designed to meet special curricular needs. A written proposal signed by the supervising faculty member must be approved by the major advisor and the Department Vice Chair. A written report must be filed. Course is repeatable but total credit toward graduation may not exceed 6 units.

BPSC 197. Research for Undergraduates. (1-4) F,W,S

Individual research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; consent of instructor. Individual research conducted under the direction of a Botany and Plant Sciences faculty member. A written proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member and undergraduate advisor. A written report must be filed with the supervising faculty member at the end of the quarter. Course is repeatable.

BPSC 199. Senior Research. (2-4) F,W,S

Laboratory, six to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): senior status; a GPA of 3.2 or better in upper-division courses in Botany/Plant Science and Biology; or consent of instructor. Individual research on a problem relating to Botany/Plant Science. A written proposal signed by the supervising faculty member must be approved by the major advisor and the Department Vice Chair. A written report must be filed with the supervising faculty member. Course is repeatable but total credit toward graduation may not exceed 9 units.

Laboratory, three to six hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Theory and principles of instruments and laboratory techniques applicable to research in the plant sciences. Experiments provide experience in the use of laboratory instruments and techniques including applications and limitations.

Q. Plant Cell Protoplast Electroporation

R. Plant Genomic Library Construction

T. Characterization of Plant Complex Carbohydrates. Nothnagel

U. Basic Fluorescence Techniques in Plant Biology. Nothnagel

V. Plant Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Analysis

X. Starch Gel Electrophoresis. Roose

BPSC 210. Methods In Arabidopsis Research. (4)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; BIOL 102; consent of instructor. A study of modern techniques used in Arabidopsis research. Topics include plant growth conditions, pest control, genetic crosses, chemical and insertional mutagenesis, genetic mapping techniques, nucleic acid isolation and manipulation, transformation, and internet resources.

BPSC 220. Physiology of Tree Crop Productivity. (3) W, Even Years

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 143/BPSC 143 or consent of instructor. Study of the physiological processes underlying crop production in fruit trees with special emphasis on the influences exerted by horticultural practices and the environment. Lovatt

BPSC 221. Advanced Plant Breeding. (4) S, Even Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BPSC 150 and either BPSC 148 or consent of instructor. Advanced treatment of plant breeding theory and practice including development and use of information on inheritance of traits; choice of breeding plans; breeding for yield, quality, disease and stress resistance; and use of biotechnology. Roose

BPSC 222. Origins of Agriculture and Crop Evolution. (3) W, Odd Years

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102, BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. Analysis of origins of agriculture in the Near East, China, the New World, and Africa. Survey of domestication and evolution of major crop plants and animals. Waines

BPSC 223. Applied Evolutionary Genetics. (4) W, Odd Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105, BIOL 108; or consent of instructor. An in-depth exploration of evolutionary changes resulting from anthropogenic activities, focusing on genetic changes in populations that affect human well-being. Examines current topics such as conservative genetics, evolution of resistance, and evolutionary impacts of changing technology. Readings in primary literature and popular media interpretations of that literature. Ellstrand

BPSC 230L. Cytogenetics Laboratory. (3) S, Odd Years

Laboratory, nine hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 155/BPSC 155 or equivalent. An advanced laboratory course in cytogenetics covering current methods of fixation, staining, and observation of chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms. Topics include methods for observation of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila, chromosome banding techniques, and in situ hybridization. Lukaszewski

BPSC 231. The Plant Genome. (4) F, Odd Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 100, BIOL 107A; or BCH 110A-BCH 110B-BCH 110C; or consent of instructor. Gives students an appreciation for the structure of the plant nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes. Gene structure, regulation of gene expression, transposons, and methods of gene introduction are also emphasized. Cross-listed with BCH 231. Bailey-Serres, Walling

BPSC 232. Plant Development. (4) W

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; BIOL 102; BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. An examination of plant development, with emphasis on the genetic mechanism used in patterning plant form. Topics are taken from current literature and focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms. Cross-listed with BIOL 232. Springer

BPSC 233. Molecular Responses of Plants to the Environment. (4) S, Even Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107A, BIOL 143/BPSC 143; or consent of instructor. Molecular-level responses to the environment; mechanisms of gene regulation, including those involving plant hormones; and inheritance of these responses and regulatory mechanisms will be discussed. Environmental factors discussed will include light, nutrients, abiotic and biotic stress, and herbicides. Bray, Close

BPSC 237. Plant Cell Biology. (4) F

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107A or CBNS 111 or BIOL 143/BPSC 143 or BCH 100 or their equivalents; or consent of instructor. Studies the structure, function, and dynamics of plant cell division, expansion, and specialization. Emphasis on aspects unique to plants including cytoskeletal and cell plate dynamics during cytokinesis; intracellular trafficking and wall-dynamics during expansion; and targeting to chloroplasts and vacuoles during specialization. Nothnagel, Yang

BPSC 239. Plant Metabolism. (3) W

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Recent and important advances in plant metabolism related to organelle physiology and carbon assimilation. Madore

BPSC 240. Special Topics in Plant Biology. (2) F,W,S

Seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Discussion of current literature within special areas of plant science. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

BPSC 243. Environmental Plant Physiology. (4) S, Odd Years

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 143/BPSC 143 or BPSC 166. Analysis of theoretical and experimental aspects of plant responses to environment. Emphasis on plant-water relations, plant temperature relations, photosynthesis, and respiration at the whole plant and plant organ levels of organization. Hall

BPSC 250. Seminar in Plant Biology. (1) F,S

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Intensive study of selected topics in plant biology. Letter grades are assigned to students who present formal seminars; other students receive Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grades. Course is repeatable.

BPSC 252. Special Topics in Botany/Plant Science. (1) F,W,S

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and consent of instructor. Oral presentations and intensive small-group discussion of selected topics in the area of special competence of each staff member. Course content will emphasize recent advances in the special topic area and will vary accordingly. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

BPSC 257. Graduate Seminar in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology. (1)

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. Lectures by visiting scholars on current research in cell, molecular, and developmental biology. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BCH 257, BIOL 257, BMSC 257, ENTM 257, ENTX 257, NEM 257, NRSC 257, and PLPA 257.

BPSC 260. Seminar in Plant Physiology, Botany, or Genetics. (1) W

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Lectures, discussions, and demonstrations by students, faculty, and invited scholars on selected subjects concerned with the principles of plant physiology, botany, or genetics. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

BPSC 261. Colloquium in Recombinant DNA. (1) W,S

Seminar, one hour. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Oral reports by visiting scholars, faculty, and students on current research topics in recombinant DNA. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable. Cross-listed with BCH 261, BIOL 261, ENTM 261, and PLPA 261.

BPSC 280. Maya Subsistence and Biodiversity. (2-12)

Lecture, ten hours per quarter; discussion, ten hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. A field course based on an interdisciplinary research program on the biodiversity of the Maya region of Mexico and the subsistence systems of the present and ancient Maya people. Includes independent research, lecture, readings, discussions, and visits to different field projects, research institutions, protected areas, and agroecosystems in the region. There is a fee associated with this course; fellowships may be available. See instructor for details. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Gómez-Pompa

BPSC 290. Directed Studies. (1-6) F,W,S

Individual study, three to eighteen hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Library, laboratory, or field studies conducted under the direction of a faculty member. Designed to meet special or unexpected curricular needs in areas of plant biology not covered by formal course work. Students who complete assigned extra work receive letter grades; other students receive Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grades. Course is repeatable.

BPSC 291. Individual Study in Coordinated Areas. (1-6) F,W,S

Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. A program of study designed to advise and assist candidates who are preparing for examinations. Up to 6 units may be taken prior to the master's degree. Up to 12 units may be taken prior to advancement to candidacy for the Ph.D. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable upon recommendation of the instructor.

BPSC 292. Concurrent and Advanced Studies in Botany and Plant Sciences. (1-4)

Outside research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Elected concurrently with an appropriate undergraduate course, but on an individual basis. Devoted to one or more graduate projects based on research and criticism related to the course. Faculty guidance and evaluation is provided throughout the quarter. Course is repeatable.

BPSC 297. Directed Research. (1-6) F,W,S

Outside research, three to eighteen hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Individual research conducted under the direction of a Botany and Plant Sciences faculty member. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

BPSC 299. Research for Thesis or Dissertation. (1-12) F,W,S

Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and appointment as Teaching Assistant. Supervised teaching of Botany/Plant Science courses including laboratory and/or discussion sections. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable for credit but units not applicable toward degree unit requirements.