Environmental Sciences

Subject abbreviation: ENSC
College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences

Marylynn Yates, Ph.D., Chair
Janet T. Arey, Ph.D., Vice-chair Teaching Program
Program Office, 1424 Geology
(951) 827-5103; mari.ridgeway@ucr.edu; www.envisci.ucr.edu

Faculty E-mails

Professors
Christopher Amrhein, Ph.D. Soil Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Janet T. Arey, Ph.D. Atmospheric Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Roger Atkinson, Ph.D. Atmospheric Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Andrew C.-S. Chang, Ph.D. Agricultural Engineering (Environmental Sciences)
David E. Crowley, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences) Soil Microbiology (Environmental Sciences)
William T. Frankenberger, Jr., Ph.D. Soil Microbiology (Environmental Sciences)
Jianying “Jay” Gan, Ph.D. Environmental Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Robert C. Graham, Ph.D. Soil Mineralogy and Pedology (Environmental Sciences)
William A. Jury, Ph.D. Soil Physics (Environmental Sciences)
Keith C. Knapp, Ph.D. Natural Resource Economics (Environmental Sciences)
David R. Parker, Ph.D. Soil Biogeochemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Roberto Sánchez-Rodriguez, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences)
Daniel Schlenk, Ph.D. Aquatic Ecotoxicology (Environmental Sciences)
Jiri Simunek, Ph.D. Hydrology (Environmental Sciences)
Laosheng Wu, Ph.D. Soil Physics (Environmental Sciences)
Marylynn V. Yates, Ph.D. Environmental Microbiology (Environmental Sciences)
Paul J. Ziemann, Ph.D. Atmospheric Science (Environmental Sciences)

Professors Emeriti
Walter J. Farmer, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences) Soil Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
John Letey, Jr., Ph.D. Soil Physics (Environmental Sciences)
Lanny J. Lund, Ph.D. Soil Morphology, Genesis, and Classification (Environmental Sciences)
Albert L. Page, Ph.D. Soil Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
Henry J. Vaux, Jr., Ph.D. Natural Resource Economics (Environmental Sciences)

Associate Professors
Michael A. Anderson, Ph.D. Environmental Chemistry (Environmental Sciences)
David M. Crohn, Ph.D. Biosystems Engineering (Environmental Sciences)
Linda Fernandez, Ph.D. Resource and Environmental Economics (Environmental Sciences)
Kurt A. Schwabe, Ph.D. Resource and Environmental Economics (Environmental Sciences)

Assistant Professors
Kenneth A. Baerenklau, Ph.D. Resource and Environmental Economics (Environmental Sciences)
W. Bowman Cutter, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences)
Emmanuel J. Gabet, Ph.D. (Environmental Sciences)
Brian Lanoil, Ph.D. Environmental Microbiology (Environmental Sciences)
Lisa Stein, Ph.D. Environmental Microbiology (Environmental Sciences)
**
Lecturer
Jon W. Kindschy, M.B.A.

Major

The Department of Environmental Sciences offers B.A. and B.S. degrees in Environmental Sciences. Students can choose to concentrate their studies in one of five options: Natural Science, Social Science, Soil Science, Environmental Education, or Environmental Toxicology.

The necessity of maintaining an acceptable level of environmental quality is placing increasing demands upon governments and industries locally, nationally, and worldwide. To help meet those demands, the Environmental Sciences program is designed to provide training for students intending to enter environmental professions or for students preparing for graduate study in law, research, or teaching in a capacity that utilizes a background in the science of the human environment.

The structure of the Environmental Sciences curriculum provides a broad scope of instruction that enables students to explore the various disciplines and professions involved with solving environmental problems as well as opportunities for students to focus their training in accordance with their own educational and career objectives. All students majoring in Environmental Sciences must complete a set of “core requirements” consisting of courses that provide a basic understanding of the physical, biological, and social sciences and their application to the analysis of environmental processes and issues. In addition to the core requirements, students must complete the required courses and an appropriate number of elective courses as designated in the option they select. Students are not expected to select an option during the freshman year so that they can be introduced to dimensions of the environmental sciences about which they may have no previous knowledge. Those wishing to change their selection of an option may do so at any time as long as they are able to complete the requirements for the bachelor’s degree within the 216-unit limit specified by the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

Joint Degree Program with California State University, Fresno

The B.S. degree in Environmental Sciences can also be earned by enrolling in the Environmental Sciences Joint Degree Program offered by UCR and California State University, Fresno. Students who are eligible for admission to both universities can enter the program by concurrently enrolling at both campuses. The general catalogs of both campuses stipulate the degree requirements. Students based at the CSU Fresno campus must spend two quarters at UCR and complete 24 units. Students based at UCR must spend one semester at CSU Fresno and complete 15 units. To gain the maximum benefit of courses in agriculture and industrial hygiene, which are unique to CSU Fresno, students based at UCR should consult their academic advisor for specific course selection.

Environmental Internship Program

The Environmental Internship Program offers students opportunities to work with government agencies, private firms, and nonprofit organizations involved in environmental affairs. As excursions into professional life, internships provide “hands-on” experience in applying the principles presented in courses. Beyond the highly specialized training associated with on-the-job activities, students can gain insights into their aptitudes, aspirations and work habits that enable them to clarify their academic and career objectives. Professional acquaintances established during internships can continue to serve as important contacts for students after the internship is completed.

Although most internships are part-time (12–15 hours per week) positions in the Riverside area, organizations that host student interns are located throughout the United States and in Washington, D.C. Students working as interns may receive stipends, hourly wages, or serve as volunteers, depending upon the specific appointment. Up to 16 units of credit toward the bachelor’s degree may be earned by developing an academic component of the internship in consultation with a faculty supervisor and enrolling in ENSC 198-I.

Undergraduate Research

Students interested in enhancing the status of knowledge about environmental processes or seeking new solutions to environmental problems may gain training and experience as part-time employees in the department’s research laboratories and other research facilities, such as the Air Pollution Research Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil and Water Research Service, located on campus. Those wishing to conduct their own research under faculty supervision may earn academic credit by enrolling in ENSC 197. Expenses for both laboratory and field experiments are eligible for funding by the campus mini-grant program which supports undergraduate research and creative activity.

Environmental Education Option

For students interested in a teaching career at the elementary or middle school level, the Environmental Education option combines the breadth of training in social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences with specialized course work in education to meet the challenges facing educators in the twenty-first century. Upon completing this option, students will be qualified for employment as classroom teachers while they pursue their Multiple Subjects Teaching Credential and will have met all prerequisite requirements for the M.Ed. For additional information, contact the Bridge to Teaching Program, at (951) 827-2473. For students seeking a combined M.Ed. and teaching credential, see Education, Credential Programs, in this catalog.

Environmental Toxicology Option

As a curriculum that emphasizes the chemistry and biochemistry of toxic substances in the environment, this option prepares students for careers dealing with the control of toxics in the environmental media of air, water, soil, and ecosystems and in such related fields as public health and industrial hygiene. Qualified students completing this option may enter UCR’s graduate program in Environmental Toxicology without significant deficiencies in their undergraduate curriculum.

Natural Science Option

As a general curriculum emphasizing the natural sciences, this option is suitable for students wishing to maintain a broad range of choices in technically oriented environmental professions such as air and water pollution control, hazardous materials management, public health, natural resource management, and environmental impact analysis. The Natural Science option is also appropriate as background for graduate study in such disciplines as ecology, forestry, air and water science, and environmental engineering. Students may earn either the B.A. or B.S. degree by completing the requirements specified by the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.

Social Science Option

Developed for students whose interests are oriented toward the social context of the environmental sciences, this option is appropriate preparation for careers dealing with environmental regulation, land use planning, environmental impact analysis and administration of environmental protection programs. The Social Science option is also suitable for those intending to continue their education in such areas as natural resource economics, urban planning, and environmental law. Both the B.A. and B.S. degrees are available to students in the Social Science option.

Soil Science Option

The B.S. in Soil Science option provides specialized training needed by students whose professional interests require a detailed understanding of the soil environment in such areas as agriculture, hazardous waste site cleanup, groundwater quality control, ecosystem restoration, and forest and range management. Qualified students completing this option are able to enter UCR’s graduate program in Soil and Water Sciences without significant deficiencies in their undergraduate curriculum.

California Teach-Science/Mathematics Initiative (CaTEACH-SMI) Students with a talent for science, math or engineering can translate that ability into a teaching career in California through the California Teach-Science/Mathematics Initiative (CaTEACH-SMI). Students who partner with CaTEACH-SMI at UCR can complete a science, engineering, or mathematics degree and become eligible for an intern teaching credential in just four years. Beginning with the freshman year, students intern in a local primary or secondary classroom with a mentor teacher. At UCR, they can meet other CaTEACH-SMI students and their UCR peer mentor at the program's Resource Center, where students can receive credential advising. The program's director is specially chosen from the mathematics and science faculty at UCR. SMI undergraduate interns may qualify for a stipend. For more information contact smi@ucr.edu or visit the Resource Center at 1104 Pierce Hall or smi.ucr.edu.

University Requirements

See Undergraduate Studies section.

College Requirements

See College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Colleges and Programs section.

Some of the following requirements for the major may also fulfill some of the College’s breadth requirements. Consult with a department advisor for course planning.

Major Requirements

The major requirements for both the B.A. and the B.S. degrees in Environmental Sciences are as follows: Students must fulfill the courses listed under the lower-division and upper-division requirements and choose one of the options.

Note To gain maximum benefit from participating in the Undergraduate Research and Environmental Internship Programs, students intending to enroll in ENSC 197 and ENSC 198-I should contact their advisor during the quarter prior to enrollment in these courses.

1.    Lower-division requirements (32 units)

    a)    ENSC 001, ENSC 002

    b)    CHEM 001A, CHEM 001B, CHEM 001C, CHEM 01LA, CHEM 01LB, CHEM 01LC

    c)    MATH 005

    d)    POSC 010

2.    Upper-division requirements (14 units): ENSC 100/SWSC 100, ENSC 101, ENSC 102, ENSC 191

Environmental Education Option (60-96 units)

1.    BIOL 005A, BIOL 005LA, BIOL 005B; or BIOL 002 and BIOL 003

2.    GEO 001 or GEO 002

3.    ENSC 006/ECON 006

4.    MATH 022

5.    STAT 100A

6.    EDUC 001, EDUC 002, EDUC 044, EDUC 100B, EDUC 104, EDUC 110, EDUC 116, EDUC 139, EDUC 172

7.    Courses for Subject Matter Preparation (36 units)

    The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing specifies subject matter standards for K-12 teacher preparation in subjects normally taught in those grades. Applicable courses may also be used to meet college breadth requirements. Because the standards are subject to change, students should consult their academic advisor and the UCR Bridge to Teaching Program for assistance in course selection.

8.    Elective courses (16 units). At least one course must be taken from each list.

    a)    ENSC 143A/ECON 143A, ENSC 143B/ECON 143B, ENSC 143C/ECON 143C, ENSC 170, ENSC 172, ENSC 174

    b)    ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 107/SWSC 107, ENSC 127/SWSC 127, BPSC 134/ENSC 134/SWSC 134, ENSC 135/CHEM 135/ENTX 135, ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, ENSC 138/GEO 138/SWSC 138, ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144/ENVE 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176/SWSC 176, ENSC 197, ENSC 198-I

Environmental Toxicology Option (77–96 units)

1.    BIOL 005A, BIOL 05LA, BIOL 005B

2.    CHEM 005 or BIOL 005C; CHEM 112A, CHEM 112B, CHEM 112C

3.    ENTX 101, ENTX 154

4.    MATH 008B or MATH 009A, MATH 009B

5.    PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

6.    PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

7.    ENSC 006/ECON 006 or ENSC 143A/ECON 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite)

8.    BCH 100 or both BCH 110A and BCH 110B; BIOL 102 or BIOL 121/MCBL 121; BCH 110C or BIOL 107A

9.    STAT 100A and STAT 100B or STAT 120A and STAT 120B

10.    Elective Courses: At least one course from ENSC 127/SWSC 127, ENSC 135/CHEM 135/ENTX 135, ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144/ENVE 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176/SWSC 176, BPSC 134/ENSC 134/SWSC 134, ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 107/SWSC 107, ENSC 138/GEO 138/SWSC 138, CBNS 150/ENTX 150, ENSC 197, ENSC 198-I

Natural Science Option (84–89 units)

1.    BIOL 005A, BIOL 05LA, BIOL 005B

2.    PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

3.    PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

4.    MATH 008B or MATH 009A, MATH 009B

5.    CHEM 112A, CHEM 112B

6.    GEO 001 or GEO 002

7.    ENSC 006/ECON 006 or ENSC 143A/ECON 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite), ENSC 172

8.    STAT 100A and STAT 100B or STAT 120A and STAT 120B

9.    Elective Courses:

    a)    At least one course from BIOL 005C, CHEM 005, CHEM 112C, MATH 009C

    b)    A total of at least five courses from the following (at least three must be Environmental Sciences or Soil and Water Sciences)

        ENSC 127/SWSC 127, ENSC 135/CHEM 135/ENTX 135, ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144/ENVE 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 170, ENSC 174, ENSC 176/SWSC 176, BPSC 134/ENSC 134/SWSC 134, ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 107/SWSC 107, ENSC 138/GEO 138/SWSC 138, ENSC 197, ENSC 198-I, BIOL 117, BIOL 121/MCBL 121, BIOL 124/MCBL 124, BIOL 160, BIOL 163, BPSC 104/BIOL 104, CHEM 109, ENTX 101, GEO 157, GEO 162, GEO 167, GEO 168

Social Science Option (81–84 units)

1.    BIOL 002, BIOL 003

2.    MATH 022

3.    GEO 001 or GEO 002

4.    ECON 003

5.    ENSC 143A/ECON 143A, ENSC 143B/ECON 143B, ENSC 143C/ECON 143C, ENSC 170, ENSC 172, ENSC 174

6.    ECON 111

7.    STAT 100A and STAT 100B or STAT 120A and STAT 120B

8.    Elective Courses:

    a)    At least one course from ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 144/ENVE 144, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176/SWSC 176, BPSC 134/ENSC 134/SWSC 134, ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 107/SWSC 107, ENSC 138/GEO 138/SWSC 138, ENSC 197, ENSC 198-I

    b)    A total of at least six courses from the following:

    Economics: ECON 102A, ECON 102B, ECON 146, ECON 148, ECON 156, ECON 160/BUS 160

    Society and culture: ANTH 132, ANTH 134, ANTH 135, ANTH 186/LNST 166, PHIL 117, SOC 137, SOC 143/URST 143, SOC 182/URST 182, SOC 184

    Regulation and law: POSC 101, POSC 166, POSC 181, POSC 182, POSC 183

    Management: BUS 104/STAT 104, BUS 122, GEO 157, GEO 167, MATH 120

Soil Science Option (84–89 units)

1.    BIOL 005A, BIOL 05LA, BIOL 005B

2.    CHEM 112A, CHEM 112B

3.    MATH 008B or MATH 009A, MATH 009B

4.    PHYS 002A, PHYS 002B, PHYS 002C

5.    PHYS 02LA, PHYS 02LB, PHYS 02LC are recommended

6.    GEO 001 or GEO 002

7.    ENSC 006/ECON 006 or ENSC 143A/ECON 143A (ECON 003 prerequisite)

8.    STAT 100A and STAT 100B or STAT 120A and STAT 120B

9.    Elective Courses:

    a)    A total of at least four courses from ENSC 127/SWSC 127, BPSC 134/ENSC 134/SWSC 134, ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 107/SWSC 107, ENSC 138/GEO 138/SWSC 138

    b)    At least one course from CHEM 005, CHEM 112C, MATH 009C

    c)    A total of at least two courses from ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 155, ENSC 163, ENSC 176/SWSC 176, ENSC 197, ENSC 198-I, BPSC 104/BIOL 104, BPSC 143/BIOL 143, BPSC 146, BPSC 166, GEO 030, GEO 157, GEO 162

Minor

The minor in Environmental Sciences consists of the following.

1.    Lower-division requirements (23 units)

    a)    ENSC 002 or ENSC 017; ENSC 006/ECON 006

    b)    CHEM 001A, CHEM 001B, CHEM 001C, CHEM 01LA, CHEM 01LB, CHEM 01LC

2.    Upper-division requirements (20 units)

    a)    ENSC 100/SWSC 100, ENSC 101, ENSC 102

    b)    Eight (8) units of additional upper-division courses in Environmental Sciences, no more than 4 units of which are in courses numbered 190-198

Of the specified upper-division units, a minimum of 16 units must be unique to the minor and may not be used to satisfy major requirements.

See Minors under the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in the Colleges and Programs section of this catalog for additional information on minors.

Concentration Areas

Students wishing to specialize in a particular science or discipline may do so by working with an advisor to select an appropriate sequence of elective courses within one of the required options. Sample areas of concentration and suggested courses are:

1.    Water science: ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, ENSC 140/SWSC 140, ENSC 141/MCBL 141/SWSC 141, ENSC 142, ENSC 163

2.    Environmental chemistry: ENSC 104/SWSC 104, ENSC 135/CHEM 135/ENTX 135, ENSC 136/CHEM 136/ENTX 136/SWSC 136, CHEM 109, CHEM 125, CHEM 140, GEO 137

Lower-Division Courses

ENSC 001. Introduction to Environmental Science: Natural Resources (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on natural resource description, management, and conservation. Topics covered include ecosystem characteristics and function; material and energy flows; population dynamics and influence of population on the environment; energy resources and conservation; and mineral and soil resources and their management. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H. Lanoil

ENSC 001H. Honors Introduction to Environmental Science: Natural Resources (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ENSC 001. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on natural resource description, management, and conservation. Topics covered include ecosystem characteristics and function; material and energy flows; population dynamics and influence of population on the environment; energy resources and conservation; and mineral and soil resources and their management. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H. Lanoil

ENSC 002. Introduction to Environmental Science: Environmental Quality (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on the impact of human development and technology on the quality of natural resources and living organisms. Topics covered include soil, water, and air pollution; water, land, and food resources; wildlife management and species endangerment; toxicology and risk management; and solid and hazardous waste management. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H. Amrhein

ENSC 002H. Honors Introduction to Environmental Science: Environmental Quality (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ENSC 002. An introduction to environmental science, focusing on the impact of human development and technology on the quality of natural resources and living organisms. Topics covered include soil, water, and air pollution; water, land, and food resources; wildlife management and species endangerment; toxicology and risk management; and solid and hazardous waste management. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H. Amrhein

ENSC 003. Contemporary Issues in the Environmental Sciences (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): none. An issue-oriented approach to understanding the scientific principles behind environmental issues. Case studies of environmental issues appearing in the mass media provide the context for assessing the status of scientific knowledge and its role in human decision making. Credit awarded for only one of ENSC 003 or ENSC 003H. Stein

ENSC 003H. Honors Contemporary Issues in the Environmental Sciences (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ENSC 003. An issue-oriented approach to understanding the scientific principles behind environmental issues. Case studies of environmental issues appearing in the mass media provide the context for assessing the status of scientific knowledge and its role in human decision making. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ENSC 003 or ENSC 003H. Stein

ENSC 006. Introduction to Environmental Economics (4) F, S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. An introduction to the basic principles of economics and their application to problems of environmental quality and natural resource utilization. Emphasis is on the failure of markets as a cause of environmental degradation and the role of government in resolving problems of resource scarcity. Does not satisfy the Natural Science breadth requirement for the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. Cross-listed with ECON 006. Baerenklau

ENSC 017. Environmental Impacts of Urbanization (4) Lecture, 2 hours; discussion, 2 hours. Prerequisite(s): none. Lectures and simulation exercises illustrating applications of principles from the physical and biological sciences to the analysis of urban systems and their impact on air and water quality, ecosystems, and reciprocal impacts at the urban-rural interface. Opportunities and constraints for mitigating the environmental impacts of urbanization.

ENSC 092. Exploring Environmental Sciences (1) F Seminar, 1 hour. Familiarizes students with the fields of natural resource conservation, environmental regulation, and environmental restoration. Examines employment opportunities in government, university, and private business settings to participate in the development of sustainable interactions between humans and the environment. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

Upper-Division Courses

ENSC 100. Introduction to Soil Science (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours. Prerequisite(s): either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC; GEO 001 is recommended. Explores the fundamental principles of soil science and soils as a natural resource. An introduction to the morphology, physics, chemistry, microbiology, fertility, classification, development, and management of soils in relation to the environment. Cross-listed with SWSC 100. Amrhein

ENSC 101. Water Resources (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H, ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H; or consent of instructor. An introduction to the hydrologic cycle; water sources, distribution, and transfer; and the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water. Discussion of water management and policy issues. Wu

ENSC 102. Introductory Atmospheric Science (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC. Covers the structure of the atmosphere and the impact of humans on it, including the causes and consequences of air pollution, air quality standards, and stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Introduces the chemistry of air pollution and air pollution control strategies. Arey

ENSC 104. Environmental Soil Chemistry (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 005 or ENSC 100/SWSC 100 or consent of instructor. Quantitative study of the chemistry of the solid, liquid, and gas phases in soils and sediments. Topics include solid and solution speciation, mineral solubility, ion exchange and adsorption reactions, oxidation-reduction, and the chemistry of organic contaminants and toxic trace elements in soils. Cross-listed with SWSC 104. Parker

ENSC 107. Soil Physics (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): MATH 009B or MATH 09HB; PHYS 002A; or consent of instructor. Topics include physical properties of soils and methods of evaluation. Emphasis is on movement of water, heat, gases, and chemicals through soil. Cross-listed with SWSC 107. Simunek

ENSC 120. Soil Ecology (3) Lecture, 3 hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 002 or both BIOL 005A and BIOL 05LA; either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC. Examination of soil biota and their relationships with plants and the soil environment. Emphasis is on soil biotic interactions that influence soil fertility, plant disease, and plant growth. Examines the importance of the different microbial and faunal groups from the rhizosphere to the ecosystem level. Cross-listed with NEM 120 and SWSC 120. Crowley, DeLey

ENSC 127. Fate and Transport of Contaminants in Soil (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): either CHEM 001C and CHEM 001LC or CHEM 01HC; ENSC 100/SWSC 100; MATH 009B or MATH 09HB. Topics include interactions of environmental conditions with abiotic and biotic transformation and transport of major organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. Cross-listed with SWSC 127. Gan

ENSC 133. Environmental Microbiology (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 05LA, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C; or consent of instructor. Introduction to nonpathogenic microorganisms in the environment. Topics include an introduction to microbial biology and microbial and metabolic genetic diversity; methods; symbiotic interactions; biofilms; and geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry. Explores life in extreme environments and the effects of the physical and chemical environment on microbes. Cross-listed with SWSC 133 and MCBL 133. Lanoil

ENSC 134. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth (4) Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 104/BPSC 104, ENSC 100/SWSC 100; or consent of instructor. A study of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils and their influence on plant growth and development. Topics include soil-plant water relations; fundamentals of plant mineral nutrition; soil nutrient pools and cycles; soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, and sodicity; root symbioses and rhizosphere processes. Cross-listed with BPSC 134 and SWSC 134. Crowley

ENSC 135. Chemistry of the Clean and Polluted Atmosphere (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112A, CHEM 112B, or consent of instructor; ENSC 102 recommended. Structure of the troposphere and stratosphere; formation of atmospheric ozone; tropospheric NOx chemistry; methane oxidation cycle; phase distributions of chemicals; wet and dry deposition; chemistry of volatile organic compounds; formation of photochemical air pollution; modeling of air pollution and control strategies; stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming. Cross-listed with CHEM 135 and ENTX 135. Atkinson

ENSC 136. Chemistry of Natural Waters (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 005 with a grade of “C-” or better or ENSC 104/SWSC 104 with a grade of “C-” or better or consent of instructor. Introduction to processes controlling the chemical composition of natural waters. Topics include chemical equilibria, acid-base and coordination chemistry, oxidation-reduction reactions, precipitation-dissolution, air-water exchange, and use of equilibrium and kinetic models for describing marine nutrient, trace metal, and sediment chemistry. Cross-listed with CHEM 136, ENTX 136, and SWSC 136. Ziemann

ENSC 138. Soil Morphology and Classification (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, normally 3 hours; two 1-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 100/SWSC 100; GEO 001 or GEO 002; or consent of instructor. The study of soils as they occur in the field and their relations to current and past environmental conditions. Use of field and laboratory data to understand soil genesis, causes of soil variability, fundamentals of soil classification, and land use potentials. Laboratory emphasizes the description and interpretation of soils and landscapes in the field. Cross-listed with GEO 138 and SWSC 138. Graham

ENSC 140. Limnology (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC; ENSC 101. Study of surface waters. Considers in detail the physical and chemical processes in surface waters, aquatic biology, ecosystem dynamics, and aspects of surface water quality and modeling. Cross-listed with SWSC 140. Anderson

ENSC 141. Public Health Microbiology (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 002 or both BIOL 005A and BIOL 05LA; BIOL 003 or BIOL 005B; upper-division standing; or consent of instructor. Introduction to transmission of human pathogenic microorganisms through environmental media, including drinking water, wastewater, and air. Topics include characterization of environmentally transmitted pathogens, microbial risk assessment, sampling and detection methods for microorganisms in environmental samples, waterborne disease outbreaks, recycling or re-use of wastewater, microbial regulations and standards, and indoor air microbiology. Cross-listed with SWSC 141 and MCBL 141. Yates

ENSC 142. Water Quality (4) S Lecture, 4 hours. Prerequisite(s): either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC; ENSC 101; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Topics include principles and practices of water pollution control; basic concepts of water quality management; and the chemistry and physics of water purification processes. Chang

ENSC 143A. Environmental Economics (4) F Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 003 or ECON 004 or equivalent, MATH 022 or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Introduction to economic analysis of natural resources and the environment with emphasis on environmental quality. Topics include environment-economy interactions and social choice theory; source control costs, damage valuation, and efficient pollution control; and design of efficient and equitable environmental policy. Cross-listed with ECON 143A. Cutter

ENSC 143B. Natural Resource Economics (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 143A/ENSC 143A or consent of instructor. Considers the extraction and use of natural resources. Topics include land use and natural capital economics and valuation; economics of mineral and nonrenewable resources including recycling; and managing biological and renewable resources, including common property, efficient usage, and regulation. Cross-listed with ECON 143B. Fernandez

ENSC 143C. Ecological Economics and Environmental Valuation (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 143A/ENSC 143A or consent of instructor. Survey of environmental valuation and economy-wide, long time-scale issues. Valuation methods covered include hedonic pricing, weak complements, contingent valuation, and ecosystem services. Environmental macroeconomic topics include population growth, biophysical constraints to economic growth, intertemporal welfare and sustainability, and sustainable development. Cross-listed with ECON 143C. Schwabe

ENSC 144. Solid Waste Management (4) S Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): either BIOL 002 or both BIOL 005A and BIOL 05LA; either CHEM 001C and CHEM 01LC or CHEM 01HC; either both ENSC 001 (or ENSC 001H) and ENSC 002 (or ENSC 002H) or ENVE 171; MATH 009B (or MATH 09HB) or MATH 022; or consent of instructor. A study of the characterization, collection, transportation, processing, disposal, recycling, and composting of municipal solid waste. Emphasizes accepted management strategies and design procedures for recovering or disposing solid wastes while protecting public and environmental well-being. Cross-listed with ENVE 144. Crohn

ENSC 155. Principles and Applications of Bioremediation (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 002, BIOL 003, or equivalents; ENSC 100/SWSC 100. A study of the principles, applications, and case histories of biological treatment in the cleanup of hazardous chemicals. Topics include remediation of contaminated soils, sediments, sludges, groundwater, and vapors. Frankenberger

ENSC 163. Hydrology (4) Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours. Prerequisite(s): MATH 009B or MATH 09HB; STAT 100B; or consent of instructor. Introduction to the scientific study of the hydrologic cycle. Covers the measurement and evaluation of hydrologic phenomena, including the use of statistical methods. Explores computer techniques in hydrology with applications to water resource development and water quality problems, particularly those in California. The laboratory includes field and computer assignments.

ENSC 170. Workshop in Environmental Management (4) Workshop, 5 hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Training exercise in which students make decisions and interact to influence the simulated physical, political, social, and economic environments of a typical American metropolitan area. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC), but student may petition instructor for letter grade.

ENSC 172. Principles of Environmental Impact Analysis (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 006/ENSC 006; ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H. Principles and theories of analyzing environmental interactions. Critical analysis of methodologies for assessing the physical, biological and social impacts on the environment by human activities. Synthesis of the subject matter through preparation of an environmental impact report.

ENSC 174. Law, Institutions, and the Environment (4) W Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H; or consent of instructor. Introduction to the important and complex issues of natural resource ownership, protection, and regulation in the institutional environment of local, state, and federal laws, implementing agencies, and competing interests in environmental protection. Decision making is examined in the context of the rights and limits of both private parties and the broad public interest in the use and protection of natural resources. Kindschy

ENSC 176. Acquisition and Analysis of Environmental Data (5) Lecture, 4 hours; discussion, 2 hours; laboratory, 6 hours; field, 6 hours. Prerequisite(s): ENSC 100/SWSC 100, ENSC 101, ENSC 102, the STAT 100A and STAT 100B sequence or the STAT 120A and STAT 120B sequence; or consent of instructor. Explores general principles of environmental sampling. Field exercises cover sampling and analysis of air, water, and soil; hydrologic and limnological measurements; and biological characterization of soils and surface waters. Topics also include principles and use of geographic positioning systems (GPS); basic surveying and cartographic techniques for site characterization; and interpretation and presentation of field and laboratory data using computer software. Offered in summer only. Cross-listed with SWSC 176.

ENSC 190. Special Studies (1-5) F, W, S variable hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Special studies as a means of meeting special curricular problems. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC); however, students may petition the instructor for a letter grade. Course is repeatable.

ENSC 191. Seminar in Professional Development in Environmental Sciences (2) F, W, S Seminar, 2 hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing in Environmental Sciences or consent of instructor. Lectures and discussions on scientific writing, critical analysis in reading, public speaking, job interview and resume preparation, and professional conduct. Students make both written and oral presentations on topics in Environmental Sciences.

ENSC 197. Research for Undergraduates (1-4) F, W, S variable hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Individual research on a problem relating to environmental science to be conducted under the guidance of an instructor. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC); however, students may petition the instructor for a letter grade. Course is repeatable.

ENSC 198-I. Internship in Environmental Sciences (1-12) F, W, S Field, 3-36 hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; ENSC 001 or ENSC 001H or equivalent; ENSC 002 or ENSC 002H or equivalent. An academic internship, involving participation in a functional capacity in the enhancement or maintenance of environmental quality, conducted under the joint supervision of an off-campus sponsor and a faculty member in Environmental Sciences. A final written report based on the internship experience is required. One unit of credit for every three hours per week spent in internship. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC), but in exceptional cases student may petition for a letter grade. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 16 units.